Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byDuncan Yarboro Modified over 10 years ago
1
Plant Classification & Identification Junior High Agriculture
2
Life Cycle Annual – completes life in one growing season Stages - germination, growth, flowering, death Examples – marigolds, corn, soybeans, impatiens, zinnias, wheat
3
Life Cycle Biennial – completes life in two growing seasons Stages - germination, growth, dormancy, growth (season 2), flowering, death Examples – musk thistle, cabbage, primrose
4
Life Cycle Perennial – will live for more than two growing seasons Stages - germination, growth, flowering, dormancy, growth, flowering, etc. May be woody or herbaceous Examples – Kentucky bluegrass, bur oak, alfalfa, lilac, white clover
5
Growth Habit Trees – woody perennials with a single, erect trunk Shrubs – Woody perennials with more than one main trunk Cacti – Perennials with spines and green fleshy stems
6
Growth Habit Grasses – plants with jointed, round hollow stems, and parallel veins in leaves Grass-likes – look similar to grasses without joints, triangular or round stems Forbs – herbaceous broadleaf plants generally netlike veins in leaves
7
Foliage Retention Deciduous – lose all leaves in autumn Evergreen – retain leaves and remain green throughout the year Drop leaves throughout year, just not all at once Broad-leaf or Needle-leaf
8
Leaf Characteristics Five common characteristics of leaves used for identification Leaf arrangement on the stem Leaf venation pattern Complexity of the leaf Leaf shape Leaf surface
9
Arrangement on Stem Alternate – only 1 leaf per node Opposite – 2 leaves per node Whorled – 3 or more leaves per node
10
Venation Pattern Parallel – major veins run the length of the leaf, parallel to the midrib, veins are about equal in size, found in grasses and grass-likes Pinnate – have one major vein, with secondary veins branching from the midrib, found in trees, shrubs, and forbs Palmate – have three or more major veins extending from the base of the blade and secondary veins branching from the main veins, found in trees, shrubs, and forbs
11
Venation Pattern ParallelPinnatePalmate
12
Leaf Complexity Simple – only 1 blade Compound – several leaflets attached to a common leaf stalk Palmately divided – all leaflets branching from 1 point Pinnately divided – leaflets arranged along both sides of the leaf stalk (Even or Odd) Twice or Bi-pinnately divided – leaf stalk has 2 or more branches from main stalk
13
Leaf Complexity PalmateSimple Even PinnateOdd PinnateTwice Pinnate
14
Leaf Shapes Cordate – heart-shaped Deltoid – triangular shaped Elliptical – broad in middle, tapers at both ends Lanceolate – narrow with widest point at base Linear – much longer than wide, sides parallel Ovate – wide and broad at the base
15
Leaf Shapes LanceolateLinearOvate CordateDeltoidElliptical
16
Leaf Margins Crenate – broad, round teeth with narrow, open spaces between them Dentate – sharp teeth pointing outward Entire – margin is smooth with no teeth or indentations Lobed – indentations from ¼ to all of the way to the midrib Serrate – saw-like teeth that are pointed forward
17
Leaf Margins LobedSerrate CrenateDentateEntire
18
Leaf Surface Glabrous – surface is free of hairs Glandular – surface has small glands which secrete resin Hirsute – stiff hairs cover the surface Pubescent – soft, short hairs cover the leaf surface Scabrous – surface is rough to the touch, similar to sandpaper
19
Inflorescence Types The flower inflorescence is the arrangement of the flowers on the stem. A few common types are: Corymb – short, broad, flat-topped Head – dense cluster of stalkless flowers Panicle – flowers developing toward the tips of the branches as the elongate Raceme – flowers arranged along a main axis on short stems Spadix – very small flowers massed together, enclosed in a spathe Spike – flowers along a single axis Umbel – flat-topped cluster of flower, no central axis
20
Inflorescence Types CorymbHeadPanicleRaceme
21
Inflorescence Types SpadixSpikeUmbel
22
Tree Fruits Drupe – fleshy with a single stone or pit (cherry) Berry – fleshy with several seeds (persimmon) Pome – fleshy outer coat and stony layer and several seeds within (apple, pear) Legume – dry, elongated pod that splits in two with several seeds along one edge (honeylocust) Capsule – dry fruit that splits to reveal many seeds inside (catalpa)
23
Tree Fruits Achene – small, dry, and hard one seeded fruit, often tightly packed together with hundreds of fruits (sycamore) Samara – one or two flat wings attached to a seed (maple) Nut – hard, with an outer husk that does not split open readily and an inner papery to woody shell (black walnut) Acorn – nut-like fruit of an oak, with a scaly or warty cap
24
Tree Fruits LegumeCapsule DrupeBerryPome
25
Tree Fruits NutAcorn AcheneSamara
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.