1. Introduction to Anatomy

2. Purpose of Anatomy Foundation of many healthcare professions
ATC must have excellent understanding of anatomy
What structures have been injured
What constitutes normal movement

3. Anatomical Position
Improves communication between healthcare professionals  standard body alignment
Erect stance, arms at side, palms facing forward

4. Planes of the Body
Frontal plane: vertical plane, divides body into front & back halves
Sagittal plane: vertical plane, divides body into left & right sides
Transverse plane: horizontal plane, divides body into upper & lower parts

5. Common Medical Terms of Location
Anterior: towards the front
Posterior: towards the back
Medial: toward the midline
Lateral: away from the midline
Proximal: towards an attachment (shoulder or hip)
Distal: away from an attachment
Superior: above another point
Inferior: below another point

6. Movements Flexion: bending of joint (↓ angle between 2 bones)
Extension: straightening of joint (↑ angle between 2 bones)
Hyperextension: extending beyond normal range of motion

7. Movements—con’t Abduction: limb moves away from midline
Adduction: limb moves toward midline

8. Movements—con’t
Rotation: bone moves on axis, toward or away from the body
Circumduction: limb moves in circular path around axis
Rotation
Circumduction

9. Movements—con’t
Supination: turning palm upward; raising medial margin of foot
Pronation: turning palm downward; lowering medial margin of foot

10. Movements—con’t Plantarflexion: extends the foot, toes pointing down
Dorsiflexion: flexes the foot, toes pointing up

11. Movements—con’t Inversion: turns sole of the foot inward
Eversion: turns sole of the foot outward

12. Movements—con’t Protraction: body part glides forward (shoulder, jaw)
Retraction: body part glides backward
Protraction
Retraction

13. Movements—con’t Elevation: lifting body part upward (shoulders)
Depression: lowering body part downward
Depression
Elevation

14. Movements—con’t
Opposition: movement of the thumb to touch each finger

15. Axis of Rotation ALL movements occur around an axis of rotation
Each plane has an axis that runs perpendicular to the plane