1. Stop Aquatic Hitchhikers
Aquatic Invasive Species including quagga and zebra mussels and others can be spread during work that is conducted in the natural environment. It is important because this workshop is about conducting work where there is a potential to spread invasive species.

2. Examples of Invasive Plants in California
Water Hyacinth
Hydrilla
Eurasian Watermilfoil
Giant Salvinia
Brazilian Elodea
Arundo
Spongeplant
Many invasive plants out-compete young willows, sycamores, cottonwoods, and other native plants for space and nutrients. They have deep tap roots to more effectively obtain water. Our native fauna have a difficult time adapting to such alterations to native environments. When invasive plants take over, the results can be devastating for many native plants and the wildlife that depends them.

3. Characteristics of Invasive Plants
Clog lakes & waterways
Interferes with commerce and recreation
Displace native plants
Clogs water diversions and pumps
Depletes dissolved oxygen levels
Increase sedimentation
Can cause flooding

4. New Invader: South American spongeplant
Many seeds & small seedlings move easily.
Spongeplant mixed with duckweed. Red circles show spongeplant seedlings.
Seeds survive at least three years.

5. New Invader: South American spongeplant
It chokes out everything.
2003 first California infestation found in Redding and Arcata.
Out competes several other aggressive water weeds, like water primrose and parrots feather

6. CDFA A-RATED

7. It’s really starting to spread
2003: First records were in Arcata and Redding. 2007: San Joaquin River in Fresno. Antioch in Sacramento River, but seemed to disappear after a storm. 2008: Found in a canal off the Kings River east of Fresno and canals in western Fresno County & 2010, it was again found in the Delta.

8. But maybe we can beat it. To report plants or find out about surveys:
Before treatment
After treatment
Left: Spongeplant in a canal in western Fresno County. Right: The same canal two weeks after treatment. Spongeplant spreads easily but it is relatively easy to control, if it hasn’t had time to make a lot of seeds.
HELP THE EFFORT!
The California Department of Food and Agriculture will be surveying in 2011 to find out how much spongeplant has spread. You can help by reporting finds or having your stream, pond, or canals checked. And thanks.
For more information:
To report plants or find out about surveys:
Patrick Akers at

9. Examples of Invasive Fauna Species
Asian Clam
Chinese Mitten Crab
New Zealand Mudsnail
Florida Watersnake (Nerodia)
Asian Carp
Briefly go over a few faunal species too.

10. Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea)
Introduced in 1800’s for human consumption
High densities, out-competes native clams
Impairs water delivery systems by clogging pipes, valves and sprinklers
Traps sediment, forms bars in agriculture canals, alters flow
Bioaccumulation of toxins
Corbicula – very common throughout the west, this is a freshwater clam.
Corbula – S.F Found in higher salinities, it is one of the likely contributors to the Pelagic Organism Decline in the SF Bay-Delta. It filter feeds on excessive amounts of water removing organisms and phytoplankton at the base of the food web.

11. Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
Intentional releases for human consumption and/or via ballast water
Clog fish salvage facilities
Create losses for fisheries
Reduced catch
Damages fishing nets
Threatens levee stability
Potential host for human lung fluke
Most of you may remember when this invader caused quite the media sensation in 1999 when it completely overwhelmed the state and federal fish salvage facilities. Very efficient at burrowing and the host of a human lung fluke, we have had few reports of this invader over the last few years. Germany was invaded by this species in the early 1900s and since then they have experienced roughly 15 yr cycles of boom and bust periods. We don’t know what may happen here.

12. New Zealand Mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)
From New Zealand
750,000 NZMS per square meter
Competes for space and food
Ties up nutrients – not digestible by most fish or birds, shell takes a long time to decompose
Shells block pipes, filters and grates
This is another aquatic organism that seems to be spreading all over the west. Seems to show up in trophy trout streams, so it is theorized that it is spread mostly during fishing activities. It is most amazing for the sheer numbers of snails have been documented in a single square meter. Quite small there are issues with spotting this snail and accurate identification. You can see on the map the known distribution.
Ken Davis
Distribution of the New Zealand mudsnail in California.

13. Southern Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata)
Native to southeastern US
Threat to CA native and federally listed giant garter snake (Thamnophis gigas)
We have known about this invader for several years now. There are two populations in California, one in the Folsom area and another in so. CA. We have serious concerns about the impact it may have to the giant gartersnake because of the overlap in distribution with the Folsom population.

14. Asian Carp (Black Silver and Bighead)
Reach extremely high population densities
Impact populations of native mussels and snails (black carp)
Potentially deplete zooplankton populations (silver and bighead)
Need to look up the current information on the Great Lakes situation and the upcoming Supreme Court Decision

15. List of Invasive Species from www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov
Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)
Brazilian Waterweed (Egeria densa)
Caulerpa, Mediterranean Clone (Caulerpa taxifolia)
Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)
Didymo (Didymosphenia geminata)
Giant Reed (Arundo donax)
Giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta)
Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)
Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Water Chestnut (Trapa natans)
Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)
Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)
Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
Asian Carps
Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus)
Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)
Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
Clubbed Tunicate (Styela clava) New(Jun 16, 2009)
Eurasian Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)
European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas)
Flathead Catfish (Pylodictus olivaris)
Lionfish (Pterois volitans)
Northern Snakehead (Channa argus)
New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)
Nutria (Myocastor coypus)
Quagga Mussel (Dreissena bugensis)
Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus)
Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus)
Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)
Sea Squirt (Didemnum vexillum)
Spiny Water Flea (Bythotrephes longimanus)
Veined Rapa Whelk (Rapana venosa)
Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)
Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) New(May 26, 2009)
Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia)
Common Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica)
Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa)
Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)
Fig Buttercup (Ranunculus ficaria) Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum)
Hairy Whitetop (Lepidium appelianum)
Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale)
Japanese Stilt Grass (Microstegium vimineum)
Japanese World Climbing Fern (Lygodium japonicum)
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica)
Japanese Spiraea (Spiraea japonica) New(Jun 25, 2009)
Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)
Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata)
Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)
Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)
Mile-A-Minute Weed (Persicaria perfoliata)
Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)
Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans)
Old Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia)
Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)
St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum)
Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)
Scotch Thistle (Onopordum acanthium)
Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)
Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum)
Whitetop (Lepidium draba)
Witchweed (Striga asiatica) New(Apr 9, 2009)
Yellow Star Thistle (Centaurea solstitialis)
Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)
Africanized Honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata)
Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri)
Asian Long-Horned Beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)
Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus)
Cactus Moth (Cactoblastis cactorum)
Chillip Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) New(Jul 30, 2009)
Citrus Longhorned Beetle (Anoplophora chinensis)
Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)
European Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar)
European Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus)
Formosan Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes formosanus)
Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica)
Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata)
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae)
Light Brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana)
Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata)
Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens)
Pink Hibiscus Mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus)
Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta)
Russian Wheat Aphid (Diuraphis noxia)
Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii)
Sirex Woodwasp (Sirex noctilio)
Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines)
Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis)
Cane Toad (Bufo marinus)
European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)
Avian Influenza (Orthomyxoviridae)
Exotic Newcastle Disease (Paramyxovirus)
Fowlpox (Avipoxvirus)
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (Novirhabdovirus)
West Nile Virus (Flavivirus)
Whirling Disease (Myxobolus cerebralis)
Citrus Canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis)
Citrus Greening (Liberibacter asiaticus)
Dogwood Anthracnose (Discula destructiva)
Gladiolus Rust (Uromyces transversalis) (Jun 11, 2009)
Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) (Jul 9, 2009)
Laurel Wilt (Raffaelea lauricola) (Aug 13, 2009)
Plum Pox (Potyviruses: Potyviridae)
Southern Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)
Soybean Rust (Phakopsora meibomiae)
Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum)
White Pine Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola)
Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera)
Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)
emphasize that there are hundreds of invasive species that are having impacts in many areas. The slide is intended to wow the participants

16. Daily Flights, A Smaller World, Global Pathways

17. Pathways of Introduction How do they get here:
Aquaria
Aquaculture
Ballast
Intentional Stocking
Recreational
Environmental
Food (seafood)
Gardening
The pathways by which NIS arrive to new locations are quite varied as well. These are some of the most common.
Aquaria – from releases in the aquarium trade. Someone buys has an invasive plants in their tank and dump the tank
Aquaculture – Farms that produce invasive species, the atlantic salmon and the waterflea is an example
Ballast – Water is picked up in one area and then released in another
Intentional Stocking – for recreation, environmental, or food. eastern brook trout and rainbow trout are examples of this. 60,000 signal crayfish traveled from Tahoe to Sweden. Also potentially the Chinese mitten crab
Gardening – Both landscaping and aquascaping can contribute to the pathway as plants that are brought in from overseas.

18. Natural Resource Management Activities
Pathways
Natural Resource Management Activities
Invasive Species Monitoring
Fisheries Surveys
Water Monitoring
Terrestrial Surveys
Restoration
There are many activities that are potentially pathways for spreading invasive species. The monitoring that is the focus of this workshop is one of these pathways. Upper right corner is a survey for nzms. Lower left is chinese mitten crab. Lower right is san justo. The pathways is that the gear may be carring an invasive species. Many of the species that we are concerned about

19. Natural Resource Management Activities
Pathways
Natural Resource Management Activities
Invasive Species Monitoring
Fisheries Surveys
Water Monitoring
Terrestrial Surveys
Restoration
Restate that there are many potential pathways. On click the invasive species will show up and the list will fade. This is a good time to state that the invasive species can act as hitchhikers on sampling equipment, personal gear, shoes, clothing, or anything that you intend to take with you as you move from site to site.

20. Control of Invasive Species with Best Management Practices
Decontamination
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Planning
These terms are used to familiarize the audience with control strategies. Best management practices are the broadest term and will include HACCP, decontamination, changes in protocol or any combination of these tools. HACCP is a tool to reduce

21. HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Planning
Tool that manages the risk of moving non-targets
Risk assessment of potential pathways
Invasive Species Risk Assessment and Planning is a tool that manages the risk of moving non-targets (non-target = anything that you are not intending on moving from one place to the next) in natural resource management activities.
The first step in the risk management process is to conduct a risk assessment of potential pathways (A pathway is the movement of non-targets). The risk assessment determines the significance of potentially moving species to an area where they may become invasive. Once it is determined that a pathway poses a significant risk, then a plan is implemented to reduce this risk.
The plan is created using the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) planning process as a framework.
Why talk about HACCP As part of campaigns to help prevent the spread of invasive by increasing awareness, HACCP has become a recognizable brand. HACCP training workshops, a website, and an international standard have been created. The HACCP process takes advantage of this pre-existing HACCP brand and planning process (with a few modifications) and combines them with the risk assessment to create a tool that is focused on preventing the spread of invasive species.

22. HACCP
Risk assessment determines the likelihood of moving species to an area where they may become invasive.
This process assumes that the impact of any invasive species introduction is significant
The first step in the risk management process is to conduct a risk assessment of potential pathways (A pathway is the movement of non-targets). The risk assessment determines the significance of potentially moving species to an area where they may become invasive. Once it is determined that a pathway poses a significant risk, then a plan is implemented to reduce this risk.

23. HACCP
Once it is determined that a pathway poses a significant risk, then a plan is implemented to reduce this risk.
Utilize the HACCP planning process framework.
Once it is determined that a pathway poses a significant risk, then a plan is implemented to reduce this risk.
The plan is created using the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) planning process as a framework.

24. The risk of a hazard is reduced by means of a control measure.
Easy five step tool
Defines the critical point in a given activity whereby the risk of a hazard can be reduced to an acceptable level.
The risk of a hazard is reduced by means of a control measure.
This control measure is then evaluated
five step tool to reduce the risk of spreading invasive species and other non-targets (non-target = anything that you are not intending on moving from one place to the next) in human related pathways (pathway = A pathway is the movement of non-targets). This tool defines the critical point in a given activity whereby the risk of a hazard (hazard = non-target or invasive species movement) can be reduced to an acceptable level.
At this critical control point, the risk of a hazard is reduced by means of a control measure.
This control measure is then evaluated to ensure that the control measure is operating as intended.

25. Best Management Practices Decontamination
Decontaminate after each survey.

26. Decontamination
Decontamination – also known as a control measure or best management practice. These are techniques that are use to remove invasive species from the pathways that were presented earlier in the presentation.

27. Decontamination Methods: Drying Chemical Freezing Water
Sparquat, Bleach, Quat, Virkon, 409 Degreaser, Vinegar…
Freezing
Water
Water pressure
Hot water
rinsing
Methods:
Drying
Chemical
Sparquat, Bleach, quat, virkon, 409 Degreaser,
Freezing
Water
Water pressure
Hot water
rinsing

28. Decontamination Methods: Drying Chemical (Soak or Spray and Brush)
Sparquat, Bleach, Quat, Virkon,
409 Degreaser, Vinegar…
Freezing
Water
Water pressure
Hot water
rinsing
Methods:
Drying
Chemical
Sparquat, Bleach, quat, virkon, 409 Degreaser,
Freezing
Water
Water pressure
Hot water
rinsing

29. Decontamination
Many agencies have developed decontamination practices. There are some reccomended procedures in the Oregon Seagrant NZMS brochure. Let us know if you’d like some of the other resources.

30. Contact us if you’d like to set up an HACCP workshop
Your help is needed
Contact us if you’d like to set up an HACCP workshop
Jonathan Thompson
$#&*!

31. Questions?