1. + August 21, 2012

2. + Pre-Research Project Before your first “real” research paper, you will be doing a practice research paper using sources provided by Mrs. Schardein. Homework for Thursday: Read sources A and B

3. + Verbs Definition: Verbs describe an action, occurrence, or state of being. Types of verbs: Infinitive Action Stative Auxiliary/Helping

4. + Verbs Infinitive: A verb that has not been “activated” by a subject. Always has “to” before it. Ex: to walk, to run, to like, to be. This is the verb before it has been conjugated using a subject or tense In Spanish it’s called the “infinitivo” and is the verb with an ar, er, or ir ending (ex: caminar, correr, gustar, estar)

5. + Types of Verbs Action: Describe something that you can see someone doing. Ex: walking, running, jumping, writing, eating, playing These are what most people think of when they are asked to name a verb.

6. + Types of Verbs Stative: Describes a state, situation, or condition. Ex: be, have, know, like, own, seem These verbs describe things that cannot be seen.

7. + Types of Verbs Auxiliary/Helping: A verb used with another verb to create a tense. 23 Common Helping verbs: Is Am Are Was Were Be Been Being Has Have Had Do Does Did Shall Should Will Woul d May Might Must Can Could *Memorize these by Friday

8. + Verb Tenses 9 Verb Tenses: Simple Present Present Progressive Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Future Future Perfect

9. + Verb Tenses Simple Present: Something is happening now or is a general fact. Ex: The students write notes. I like chocolate There are 31 days in August

10. + Verb Tenses Present Progressive: Used for an activity in progress Ex: They are playing soccer. I am feeling sad.

11. + Verb Tenses Present Perfect : Something started in the past, and continued up to the present. Ex: They have walked for 2 miles and just arrived.

12. + Verb Tenses Present Perfect Progressive: Something started in the past, continued to the present, and will continue in the future. Ex: They have been walking for 2 hours, and still have another 3 miles to go.

13. + Verb Tenses Simple Past: An action was completed in the past. Ex: We visited our grandma on Sunday. I ate lunch an hour ago.

14. + Verb Tenses Past Progressive: Action that took place over a period of time OR was interrupted by another action. Ex: They were walking for 4 days. They were walking when Jane fell down.

15. + Verb Tenses Past Perfect: An action completed before another action in the past. Ex: They had walked for 4 days when they finally reached the end of the trail.

16. + Verb Tenses Future: Something that hasn’t happened yet. Ex: When they go backpacking, they will walk for 4 days.

17. + Verb Tenses Future Perfect: Something that hasn’t happened yet, but will be finished before a specific time.. Ex: They will have walked for 4 days when I pick them up at the end of the trail on Saturday.

18. + Common Verb Errors Error #1: Subject-Verb agreement Verbs must agree in number with the subject of the sentence. Ex: The boy likes ice cream. (singular) The boys like ice cream. (plural)

19. + Common Verb Errors Error #1: Subject-Verb agreement When the subject has two or more parts combined with AND use the plural verb Ex: Mary and I like ice cream. (plural)

20. + Common Verb Errors Error #1: Subject-Verb agreement When the subject has two or more parts combined with OR use the part of the subject that comes last. Ex: Do you know if Mary or the boys like ice cream? (plural) Do you know if the boys or Mary likes ice cream? (singular)

21. + Common Verb Errors Error #1: Subject-Verb agreement These words are singular: each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one. Ex: Everybody likes ice cream. (singular)

22. + Common Verb Errors Error #2: Verb Tense Consistency This is usually only a problem in essays. Use past tense to narrate events and to refer to an author or an author's ideas as historical entities. Ex: When Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby…

23. + Common Verb Errors Error #2: Verb Tense Consistency Use present tense to state facts, to refer to constant actions, and to discuss your own ideas or those expressed by an author in a particular work. Also use present tense to describe action in a literary work, movie, or other fictional narrative. Hester Prynne wears a scarlet A as a reminder of her adultery.