1. Press the F5 button on your keyboard to begin this tutorial.

2. The Scientific Method: Tutorial
Start from
beginning
Designing the
experiment
Variable
practice
Graphing the
data
Conclusion
Place your keyboard aside.
Only use your mouse or mouse pad (laptops).

3. Introduction: The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a series of steps used by scientists to help them solve problems. In principle, the scientific method is fairly straight forward so long as you can remember a few basic concepts. A valid experiment will identify a problem, research the problem to see if others have collected data for similar problems, create a hypothesis (temporary solution to the problem), collect data by performing an experiment, analyze the data collected, and report your findings.

4. Introduction: The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a series of steps used by scientists to help them solve problems. In principal, the scientific method is fairly straight forward so long as you can remember a few basic concepts. A valid experiment will identify a problem, research the problem to see if others have collected data for similar problems, create a hypothesis (temporary solution to the problem), collect data by performing an experiment, analyze the data collected, and report your findings. Setting up the experiment can be the toughest part of the scientific method for young scientists. A poorly designed experiment can make your data hard to understand and even meaningless. Therefore, the purpose of this tutorial is to help you learn basic fundamentals to help you design an experiment and interpret the data collected.

5. Identifying a Problem
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Kobe-cyol (fictional) is a prescription medication designed to relieve arthritis pain.

6. Identifying a Problem
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Kobe-cyol (fictional) is a prescription medication designed to relieve arthritis pain. Jane and Jerry are both young doctors who have heard rumors that Kobe-cyol can dangerously raise the blood pressure of patients who use the drug. This can be a serious medical concern because if the patients blood pressure is too high, they can suffer a heart attack and possibly die. This is the first stage of the scientific method, identifying a problem.

7. Kobe-cyol may dangerously raise blood pressures.
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Identifying a Problem
Kobe-cyol (fictional) is a prescription medication designed to relieve arthritis pain. Jane and Jerry are both young doctors who have heard rumors that Kobe-cyol can dangerously raise the blood pressure of patients who use the drug. This can be a serious medical concern because if the patients blood pressure is too high, they can suffer a heart attack and possibly die. This is the first stage of the scientific method, identifying a problem. What is the initial problem that Jane and Jerry have identified?
But what is the connection?
But what is the connection?
Some patients
take Kobe-cyol.
Some patients are
at risk of heart attack.
This information is not given in the story.
Correct.
Some patients have
high blood pressure.
Kobe-cyol may dangerously raise blood pressures.

8. Researching the Problem
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Jane and Jerry have agreed to meet at the UCLA medical library to research their problem. They searched countless journals to see if other doctors have performed work on the effects of Kobe-cyol, but they did not find the answer to their problem question. They will need to perform their own experiment.

9. Researching the Problem
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Jane and Jerry have agreed to meet at the UCLA medical library to research their problem. They searched countless journals to see if other doctors have performed work on the effects of Kobe-cyol, but they did not find the answer to their problem question. They will need to perform their own experiment.
Meet the volunteers
Even though Jane and Jerry have discussed the risks with their patients about the use of Kobe-cyol, they have found volunteers to test the medication. Together, Jane and Jerry come up with a plan to test Kobe-cyol and the possible blood pressure risk.

10. Researching the Problem
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Jane and Jerry have agreed to meet at the UCLA medical library to research their problem. They searched countless journals to see if other doctors have performed work on the effects of Kobe-cyol, but they did not find the answer to their problem question. They will need to perform their own experiment.
Even though Jane and Jerry have discussed the risks with their patients about the use of Kobe-cyol, they have found volunteers to test the medication. Together, Jane and Jerry come up with a plan to test Kobe-cyol and the possible blood pressure risk.
Now that Jane and Jerry have identified their problem and performed research, it is time for them to create a hypothesis that answers their problem. Remember, the problem they are trying to answer is:
“Does Kobe-cyol raise the blood pressure of their patients?”

11. Creating the Hypothesis
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Now that Jane and Jerry have identified their problem and performed research, it is time for them to create a hypothesis that answers their problem. Remember, the problem they are trying to answer is: “Does Kobe-cyol raise the blood pressure of patients?” The hypothesis is a possible solution to this problem and should be worded as an “If…then” statement. Click on the box below that would be a possible solution to this problem. Which will be our hypothesis?
If a person uses
Kobe-cyol, then they
may have higher
than normal
blood pressure.
If a person is
overweight, then they
may have higher
than normal
blood pressure.
If a person
has high blood
pressure, then they
must use Kobe-cyol.
This may be true but Jane and Jerry are not testing a person’s weight.
Correct. Press the NEXT button when ready.
There is no reason to believe this. There are numerous reasons why a person could have high blood pressure.

12. Designing the Experiment
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Jane and Jerry are ready to design and perform their experiment to test their hypothesis. But how do you design an experiment in the first place? Keep in mind our problem question: “Does Kobe-cyol affect a person’s blood pressure?”

13. Designing the Experiment
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Jane and Jerry are ready to design and perform their experiment to test their hypothesis. But how do you design an experiment in the first place? Keep in mind our problem question: “Does Kobe-cyol affect a person’s blood pressure?” Their experiment will need to test the blood pressure of volunteers. Jane and Jerry have found 50 patients who are willing to volunteer for this experiment. Valid experiments usually create two groups of test subjects.

14. Designing the Experiment
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Jane and Jerry are ready to design and perform their experiment to test their hypothesis. But how do you design an experiment in the first place? Keep in mind our problem question: “Does Kobe-cyol affect a person’s blood pressure?” Their experiment will need to test the blood pressure of volunteers. Jane and Jerry have found 50 patients who are willing to volunteer for this experiment. Valid experiments usually create two groups of test subjects. One group is called the CONTROL group. Participants of this group are not given the desired treatment (Kobe-cyol). Therefore, the control group is used as a comparison group.

15. Designing the Experiment
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Jane and Jerry are ready to design and perform their experiment to test their hypothesis. But how do you design an experiment in the first place? Keep in mind our problem question: “Does Kobe-cyol affect a person’s blood pressure?” Their experiment will need to test the blood pressure of volunteers. Jane and Jerry have found 50 patients who are willing to volunteer for this experiment. Valid experiments usually create two groups of test subjects. One group is called the CONTROL group. Participants of this group are not given the desired treatment (Kobe-cyol). Therefore, the control group is used as a comparison group. The second group is called the EXPERIMENTAL group. Participants of this group are given the desired treatment (Kobe-cyol). The experimental subjects will be compared to the control group to see if the treatment worked or not.

16. Designing the Experiment
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Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.

17. Designing the Experiment
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Designing the Experiment
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group A
Group A:
To start, the 25 patients had their blood pressures recorded.

18. Designing the Experiment
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Designing the Experiment
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group A
Group A:
To start, the 25 patients had their blood pressures recorded.
Then, the 25 patients of this group were not given Kobe-cyol.

19. Designing the Experiment
back
Designing the Experiment
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group A
Group A:
To start, the 25 patients had their blood pressures recorded.
Then, the 25 patients of this group were not given Kobe-cyol.
The 25 patients were instructed to eat and exercise according to specific instructions.

20. Designing the Experiment
back
Designing the Experiment
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group A
Group A:
To start, the 25 patients had their blood pressures recorded.
Then, the 25 patients of this group were not given Kobe-cyol.
The 25 patients were instructed to eat and exercise according to specific instructions.
After one month, the 25 patients would return to have their blood pressures checked again.

21. Designing the Experiment
back
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group B
Group B:
To start, the 25 patients had their blood pressures recorded.

22. Designing the Experiment
back
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group B
Group B:
To start, the 25 patients had their blood pressures recorded.
Then, the 25 patients of this group were given typical doses of Kobe-cyol.

23. Designing the Experiment
back
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group B
Group B:
To start, the 25 patients had their blood pressures recorded.
Then, the 25 patients of this group were given typical doses of Kobe-cyol.
The 25 patients were instructed to eat and exercise according to the same instructions as group A.

24. Designing the Experiment
back
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group B
Group B:
To start, the 25 patients had their blood pressures recorded.
Then, the 25 patients of this group were given typical doses of Kobe-cyol.
The 25 patients were instructed to eat and exercise according to the same instructions as group A.
After one month, the 25 patients would return to have their blood pressures checked again.

25. Designing the Experiment
back
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group B
Group A
Is Group A the control group or the experimental group?
Experimental
group
Control
group
Not quite. Remember that the experimental group is given the treatment. In this case, group A is not given Kobe-cyol.
Correct. Because no treatment was given to Group A, that makes them the control group.

26. Designing the Experiment
back
Jane and Jerry decide to separate the 50 people randomly into two groups of 25 patients each.
Group B
Group A
Is group B considered the control group or the experimental group?
Experimental
group
Control
group
Not quite. The control group is the one that does not receive treatment. Group B does receive treatment.
Correct. Since group B received the treatment (Kobe-cyol) they are the experimental group.

27. Identifying Variables
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The independent variable is the factor that differs between the control group and experimental group. A good experiment should only have 1 difference between the two groups.
Group B
Group A

28. Identifying Variables
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Identifying Variables
The independent variable is the factor that differs between the control group and experimental group. A good experiment should only have 1 difference between the two groups.
Group B
Group A
What is different between Group A and Group B? (What is the independent variable of this experiment?)
Number of
people
Diet habits
Medication
taken
Exercise
habits
No. Each group had 25 people.
No. Each group followed the same habits.
Correct.
No. Each group followed the same habits.

29. Identifying Variables
back
Group B
Group A
The data measured is the dependent variable. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
No. Body weight was never collected
No. This is the independent variable.
Body
weight
Blood
pressure
Kobe-cyol
taken
Heart
rates
Correct.
No. Heart rates were never collected.

30. Variable Practice: Farmer Bob
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Before proceeding, let’s stop for a moment and get some practice identifying variables and parts of an experiment.
Farmer Bob has always used Grow-Rite Fertilizer on his crops, but wants to try Ever-Grow Fertilizer. He sections off two large areas of his field. In section A, he waters his crops as usual and adds Grow-Rite. In section B, he waters his crops as usual but adds Ever-Grow fertilizer. After 1 growing season, he records the growth of the crops.
What is the independent variable of Farmer Bob’s experiment?
Hmmm. Remember the independent variable is what differs between the two groups. Try again.
Group A crops
The type of
fertilizer used
Group B crops
The height of
the crops
Hmmm. Remember the independent variable is what differs between the two groups. Try again.
Correct.
Hmmm. Remember the independent variable is what differs between the two groups. Try again.

31. Variable Practice: Farmer Bob
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Variable Practice: Farmer Bob
Before proceeding, let’s stop for a moment and get some practice identifying variables and parts of an experiment.
Farmer Bob has always used Grow-Rite Fertilizer on his crops, but wants to try Ever-Grow Fertilizer. He sections off two large areas of his field. In section A, he waters his crops as usual and adds Grow-Rite. In section B, he waters his crops as usual but adds Ever-Grow fertilizer. After 1 growing season, he records the growth of the crops.
What is the dependent variable of Farmer Bob’s experiment?
Correct.
The type of
fertilizer used
Group A crops
Group B crops
The height of
the crops
Hmmm. Remember the dependent variable is the data collected. Try again.
Hmmm. Remember the dependent variable is the data collected. Try again.
Hmmm. Remember the dependent variable is the data collected. Try again.

32. Variable Practice: USA Military
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The United States military wants to see if soldiers with only 4 hours of sleep can operate at the same level as those who normally get 7 hours of sleep. One hundred soldiers are allowed to only sleep for 4 hours a night and another hundred are allowed to sleep for 7 hours a night. During the day, the soldiers are tested for marksmanship on the firing range.
What is the independent variable of the military experiment? . . .
Hmmm. Remember the independent variable is what differs between the two groups. Try again.
Correct.
The ammunition
used
Amount of
sleep given
Score on the
firing range
The number
of soldiers
Hmmm. Remember the independent variable is what differs between the two groups. Try again.
Hmmm. Remember the independent variable is what differs between the two groups. Try again.

33. Variable Practice: USA Military
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Variable Practice: USA Military
The United States military wants to see if soldiers with only 4 hours of sleep can operate at the same level as those who normally get 7 hours of sleep. One hundred solders are allowed to only sleep for 4 hours a night and another hundred are allowed to sleep for 7 hours a night. During the day, the soldiers are tested for marksmanship on the firing range.
What is the control group of the military experiment?
Hmmm. Remember the control group are those who are not given the experimental treatment. Try again.
Correct.
Soldiers with
7 hours sleep
Soldiers with
4 hours sleep
Score on the
firing range
The number
of soldiers
Hmmm. Remember the control group are those who are not given the experimental treatment. Try again.
Hmmm. Remember the control group are those who are not given the experimental treatment. Try again.

34. Variable Practice: USA Military
back
The United States military wants to see if soldiers with only 4 hours of sleep can operate at the same level as those who normally get 7 hours of sleep. One hundred solders are allowed to only sleep for 4 hours a night and another hundred are allowed to sleep for 7 hours a night. During the day, the soldiers are tested for marksmanship on the firing range.
What is the dependent variable of the military experiment?
Hmmm. Remember the dependent variable is the data collected. Try again.
Hmmm. This was the independent variable. Try again.
The ammunition
used
Amount of
sleep given
Score on the
firing range
The number
of soldiers
Hmmm. Remember the dependent variable is the data collected. Try again.
Correct.

35. Back to Our Experiment
back
Let’s look at the blood pressures at the start of this experiment. Where’s the data Jerry?
I have it right here Jane.
At the start of the experiment, remember that everyone had their blood pressures measured. On average, both the control group and the experimental group had a systolic blood pressure of 120. This is a fairly healthy blood pressure. Click the “? Buttons” below to continue.
Control group
(did not use Kobe-cyol)
Experimental group
(used Kobe-cyol)
Start
120 mm Hg
End ? ?
next

36. Sun Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 71
Take initial blood pressures 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Take final blood pressures
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Day 6
Day 7
Day 8
Day 9
Day 10
Day 11
Day 12
Day 13
Day 14
Day 15
Day 16
Day 17
Day 18
Day 19
Day 20
Day 21
Day 22
Day 23
Day 24
Day 25
Day 26
Day 27
Day 28
Day 29
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37. 1 Month Later I’m so anxious. I hope our hypothesis was valid.
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I’m so anxious. I hope our hypothesis was valid.
Finally our experiment is finished. It’s been 30 days. Let’s see the data.
After one month all 50 people returned to have their blood pressure examined. Click the “?” boxes below to reveal the results.
Those who were not using Kobe-cyol maintained their healthy blood pressure of 120. However, those who used Kobe-cyol now had an average blood pressure of 145. Time to make our graph.
Control group
(did not use Kobe-cyol)
Experimental group
(used Kobe-cyol)
Start
120 mm Hg
End
145 mm Hg ? ?

38. Graphing the Data The results of a month long test
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Graphing the Data
No. This is too vague.
A title needs to be clear to a reader. Avoid titles such as “Biology graph” and “Our data” because these titles don’t tell us what the graph really shows. Click on the good title.
Now we need to label the X and Y axis.
The results of a month long test
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
Affects of Kobe-cyol on blood pressure
Graphs makes our data easier to understand.
Others will read our results once we share our findings.
Pictures are worth a thousand words after all.
We better be clear about the data. Let’s start with the title.

39. Amount of what? This is too vague.
Graphing the Data
back
Again. Be specific. Which label is specific on the Y axis?
Now for the X axis. Which is specific?
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
Amount of what? This is too vague.
Amount
Blood pressure values
(mm Hg)
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Be specific.
Length of time (days)
Length of time (days)
Time

40. Graphing the Data Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
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Graphing the Data
Now we gotta number the X axis for 30 days.
Keep in mind our data.
Control group:
Start: 120
End: 120
Experiment group:
End: 145
We must use equal intervals to number the Y axis.
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Length of time (days)

41. Graphing the Data Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
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Graphing the Data
Since we have two groups to graph, we need two different line patterns.
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Length of time (days)

42. Graphing the Data Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
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Graphing the Data
Since we have two groups to graph, we need two different line patterns.
Solid line will represent the control group.
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Length of time (days)

43. Graphing the Data Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure KEY
back
Since we have two groups to graph, we need two different line patterns.
Solid line will represent the control group.
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
KEY
Solid = control group
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Length of time (days)

44. Graphing the Data Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure KEY
back
Since we have two groups to graph, we need two different line patterns.
Solid line will represent the control group.
Dotted line will represent the experimental group.
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
KEY
Solid = control group
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Length of time (days)

45. Graphing the Data Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure KEY
back
Since we have two groups to graph, we need two different line patterns.
Solid line will represent the control group.
Dotted line will represent the experimental group.
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
KEY
Solid = control group
dots = experi-mental group
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Length of time (days)

46. Graphing the Data Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure KEY
back
Now we are ready to fill in the graph itself. Let’s graph the people who used Kobe-cyol first.
People who used Kobe-cyol
(Experiment group):
Start: 120
End: 145
Now connect the two dots.
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
KEY
Solid = control group
dots = experi-mental group
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Length of time (days)

47. Graphing the Data Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure KEY
back
Now let’s graph the people who did not use Kobe-cyol (Control group):
Start: 120
End: 120
Now connect the dots.
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
KEY
Solid = control group
dots = experi-mental group
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Length of time (days)

48. What is the data telling us?
back
What is the data telling us?
The experimental group’s blood pressure increased. We need to examine what was different between Group A and Group B?
Number of people?
Exercise habits?
Diet habits?
Length of testing time?
Type of medication taken?
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
correct
different
same
KEY
Solid = control group
dots = experi-mental group
correct
different
same
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
correct
different
same
correct
different
same
different
same
correct
Length of time (days)

49. What is the data telling us?
back
What is the data telling us?
Number of people
Exercise habits
Diet habits
Length of testing time
Type of medication taken
Oh wow! Was Kobe-cyol responsible for the elevated blood pressure of the experimental group?
same
Affects of Kobe-Cyol on blood pressure
same
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
same
KEY
Solid = control group
dots = experi-mental group
same
different
Blood pressure values (mm Hg)
Correct! It was the only difference so it must be the cause.
Yes No
Are you sure? The only difference between the groups was Kobe-cyol.
Length of time (days)

50. What about the Hypothesis?
back
Now that our graph is finished, what does it tell us about our hypothesis? If you forgot, the hypothesis was:
If a person uses Kobe-cyol, then they may have higher than normal blood pressure.
One experiment proves nothing. More tests are required to state this.
Are you sure? The data agrees with the prediction.
The hypothesis was proven correct.
The hypothesis is proven wrong.
The hypothesis appears wrong.
The hypothesis appears valid.
Correct.
Are you sure? The data agrees with the prediction.

51. back
Stating a Conclusion
I think we should take the 25 patients off Kobe-cyol immediately and continue to monitor their health.
Wow! I know it is only 1 experiment, but we need to report our findings so others can check our work.
A conclusion should be a clear and understandable summary of the main idea learned from the experiment. Be straight to the point. Which would be a good summary?
Correct
This may be true, but it is not the main idea learned.
This may be true, but it doesn’t explain your results.
Kobe-cyol was the independent variable of this experiment.
Kobe-cyol makes people sick and unhealthy.
Our experiment was valid and well deigned.
Kobe-cyol raises the blood pressure of normal individuals.
This may be true, but it is too vague.

52. Reporting your results
back
In order for others to confirm our findings, our results need to be shared with others. There are many journals that collect research performed by scientists around the world. Even newspapers and magazines will often pick up on a study of great importance. This is how information is spread around the world about various scientific findings.

53. Reporting your results
back
In order for others to confirm our findings, our results need to be shared with others. There are many journals that collect research performed by scientists around the world. Even newspapers and magazines will often pick up on a study of great importance. This is how information is spread around the world about various scientific findings.
Experiments are valid when the rules of the scientific method have been followed. This method reduces errors, eliminates bias, and advances our understanding of the world in which we live.
Let’s Review:
#1) What is a tentative solution to a problem called?
hypothesis
independent
variable
dependent
variable
control group
correct
Try again.
Try again.
Try again.

54. back
Review #2
Which variable differs between the control group and the experimental group?
Dependent variable
Independent variable
This is the data that is collected because of the change.
Correct

55. Review #3 Which hypothesis best fits the problem question below?
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Review #3
Which hypothesis best fits the problem question below?
Problem question: Why do some people develop diabetes?
A diet that is high in
sugar can lead to diabetes.
That may answer the question, but it is not worded in proper format.
That may answer the question, but it is not worded in proper format.
Diabetes is caused by
a high sugary diet.
Correct.
If a person has a diet that is high in sugar,
then that may lead to diabetes.

56. Review #4
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Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.

57. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…

58. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…

59. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…

60. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…
who were not allowed any exercise…

61. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
only ate vegetarian meals…
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…
who were not allowed any exercise

62. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
only ate vegetarian meals…
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…
who were not allowed any exercise

63. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
only ate vegetarian meals…
had an average age of 40 years…
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…
who were not allowed any exercise

64. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
only ate vegetarian meals…
had an average age of 40 years…
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…
who were not allowed any exercise

65. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
only ate vegetarian meals…
had an average age of 40 years…
and were not given Kobe-cyol.
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…
who were not allowed any exercise

66. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
only ate vegetarian meals…
had an average age of 40 years…
and were not given Kobe-cyol.
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…
who were not allowed any exercise
and were given Kobe-cyol.

67. Review #4
back
Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
only ate vegetarian meals…
had an average age of 40 years…
and were not given Kobe-cyol.
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…
who were not allowed any exercise
and were given Kobe-cyol.
How many independent variables would be in this experiment?
Correct
Number of people
Exercise
Kobe-cyol
How many times do the groups differ?
ONE
How many times do the groups differ?
TWO
How many times do the groups differ?
THREE
FOUR

68. Review #5
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Pretend we performed the following experiment with Kobe-cyol.
The control group (Group A) consisted of 35 people…
who exercised only with Yoga…
only ate vegetarian meals…
had an average age of 40 years…
and were not given Kobe-cyol.
The experimental group (Group B) consisted of 25 people…
who were not allowed any exercise
and were given Kobe-cyol.
Why is this a poorly designed experiment?
Not true. There should be ONE difference.
This is simply not true.
There are too many differences between the groups.
The two groups should be identical in every way.
There are no independent variables to this experiment.
correct

69. The end!
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You will be expected to use the scientific method throughout the course of the school year. I hope this tutorial simplified how it can help solve problems. Be sure your name is on your paper before submitting your work.

70. #1) What is a tentative solution to a problem called?
You chose “Independent variable.” That is incorrect. An independent variable is the factor that differs between a control and experimental group. In the army example, some soldiers slept for 4 hours a day while others slept for 7 hours a day. The amount of sleep was different between the two groups. That is an independent variable.
Try again

71. #1) What is a tentative solution to a problem called?
You chose “dependent variable.” That is incorrect. The dependent variable is the data collected during an experiment. In the army example, the sleep deprived soldiers were tested for their shooting accuracy. Their shooting scores is an example of a dependent variable.
Try again

72. #1) What is a tentative solution to a problem called?
You chose “control group.” That is incorrect. A control is the part of an experiment that receives the normal conditions. In the army example, the soldiers who normally slept 7 hours a night represented the control group. The soldiers who slept 4 hours a night represented the experimental group.
Try again

73. #2) Which variable differs between the control group and the experimental group?
You chose “dependent variable.” That is incorrect. The dependent variable is the data collected during an experiment. In the army example, the sleep deprived soldiers were tested for their shooting accuracy. Their shooting scores is an example of a dependent variable.
Try again