Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byCora Hunkins Modified over 10 years ago
2
Infection Control Universal Precautions Immune/Lymphatic Systems
3
Disease Transmission
4
Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another.
5
Disease Transmission Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV
6
Disease Transmission Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB
7
Disease Transmission Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB Food/Water borne (fecal/oral)- eat or drink contaminated substances- food poisoning, some hepatitis viruses Food/Water borne (fecal/oral)- eat or drink contaminated substances- food poisoning, some hepatitis viruses
8
Universal Precautions Treat all pts as if they are contaminated. Treat all pts as if they are contaminated.
9
Universal Precautions Treat all pts as if they are contaminated. Treat all pts as if they are contaminated. Always protect yourself, the pt, and the surroundings. Always protect yourself, the pt, and the surroundings.
10
Chain of infection
11
Pathogen
12
Reservoir
13
Pathogen Reservoir Exit Portal
14
Pathogen Reservoir Exit Portal Transport
15
Pathogen Reservoir Exit Portal Transport Entry Portal
16
Pathogen Reservoir Exit Portal Transport Entry Portal Host
17
Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu
18
Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…
19
Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- nose Exit portal- nose
20
Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- nose Exit portal- nose Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva
21
Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- nose Exit portal- nose Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Entry portal- mucous membranes Entry portal- mucous membranes
22
Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- nose Exit portal- nose Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Entry portal- mucous membranes Entry portal- mucous membranes Host- you Host- you
23
Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes
24
Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Digestive tract – eat the critter Digestive tract – eat the critter
25
Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Digestive tract- eat the critter Digestive tract- eat the critter Respiratory tract Respiratory tract
26
Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Digestive tract- eat the critter Digestive tract- eat the critter Respiratory tract Respiratory tract Open wounds and skin lesions Open wounds and skin lesions
27
Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Digestive tract- eat the critter Digestive tract- eat the critter Respiratory tract Respiratory tract Open wounds and skin lesions Open wounds and skin lesions Hands Hands
28
In order to stop the infection you must…… Break the chain Break the chain
29
How to break the chain Pathogen-kill it— Pathogen-kill it— Reservoir- clean it up Reservoir- clean it up Exit portal- nose--control the portal Exit portal- nose--control the portal Transport-sneeze—stay way from Transport-sneeze—stay way from Entry portal- mucous membrane- Wash hands Entry portal- mucous membrane- Wash hands Host- you—be healthy---sleep, eat right, exercise Host- you—be healthy---sleep, eat right, exercise
30
How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands
31
How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding
32
How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Intact skin Intact skin
33
How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Intact skin Intact skin Healthy and well rested Healthy and well rested
34
How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Intact skin Intact skin Healthy and well rested Healthy and well rested Cover wounds Cover wounds
35
How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Intact skin Intact skin Healthy and well rested Healthy and well rested Cover wounds Cover wounds Sterilize Instruments Sterilize Instruments
36
How to break the chain cont.. PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment
37
PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves
38
PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves 2. Face shields/masks
39
PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves 2. Face shields/masks 3. Eye protection
40
PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves 2. Face shields/masks 3. Eye protection 4. Scrubs
41
PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves 2. Face shields/masks 3. Eye protection 4. Scrubs 5. gowns
42
Growth requirements for Microbes Heat Heat
43
Growth requirements for Microbes Heat Heat Food Food
44
Growth requirements for Microbes Heat Heat Food Food Darkness Darkness
45
Growth requirements for Microbes Heat Heat Food Food Darkness Darkness Moisture Moisture
46
Classification of Microbes Bacteria-strep throat Bacteria-strep throat
47
virus FLU, HIV FLU, HIV
48
Fungus Athletes foot Athletes foot
49
Yeast and Molds Thrush Thrush
50
Parasites Tape worm, malaria Tape worm, malaria
51
Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation = red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation = red, heat, swelling, pain
52
Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation=red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation=red, heat, swelling, pain Pus Pus
53
Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Pus Pus fever fever
54
Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Pus Pus Fever Fever Growths Growths
55
Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Pus Pus Fever Fever Growths Growths Body reaction- seizures, convulsion, organ shut down Body reaction- seizures, convulsion, organ shut down
57
Immune/Lymphatic System Controls the body’s defense system and garbage (metabolic waste) system. Controls the body’s defense system and garbage (metabolic waste) system.
58
Lymphatic System
59
Function Function
60
Lymphatic System Function Function Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins
61
Lymphatic System Function Function Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), some vitamins dissolve in fat, other vitamins dissolve in water. Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), some vitamins dissolve in fat, other vitamins dissolve in water.
62
Lymphatic System Function Function Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) Remove and filter cellular waste products and return fluid into the circulatory system. Remove and filter cellular waste products and return fluid into the circulatory system.
63
Lymphatic System Function Function Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) Remove and filter cellular waste products and return fluid into the circulatory system Remove and filter cellular waste products and return fluid into the circulatory system Assists the immune system. Assists the immune system.
64
Lymphatic System Structures Structures
65
Lymphatic System Structures Structures Lymph fluid Lymph fluid
66
Lymphatic System Structures Structures Lymph fluid Lymph fluid Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters
67
Lymphatic System Structures Structures Lymph fluid Lymph fluid Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Spleen- filter Spleen- filter
68
Lymphatic System Structures Structures Lymph fluid Lymph fluid Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Spleen- filter Spleen- filter Lymph vessels-carry the lymph fluid Lymph vessels-carry the lymph fluid
69
Immune System
70
Functions Functions
71
Immune System Functions Functions Protect the body from invading organisms (pathogens, microbes) Protect the body from invading organisms (pathogens, microbes)
72
Immune System Functions Functions Protect the body from invading organisms Protect the body from invading organisms Destroys organisms that have invaded. Destroys organisms that have invaded.
73
Immune System Functions Functions Protect the body from invading organisms Protect the body from invading organisms Destroys organisms that have invaded. Destroys organisms that have invaded. Raise body temperature to kill microbes that are temperature sensitive. Raise body temperature to kill microbes that are temperature sensitive.
74
Immune System Structures Structures
75
Immune System Structures Structures Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues. Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues.
76
Immune System Structures Structures Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues. Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues. Specialized cells that eat, puncture, or dissolve microbes on contact Specialized cells that eat, puncture, or dissolve microbes on contact
77
First lines of Defense
78
Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc…
79
First lines of Defense Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps microbes/critters and gunk that is breathed in. Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps microbes/critters and gunk that is breathed in.
80
First lines of Defense Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps critters and gunk breathed in. Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps critters and gunk breathed in. Digestive system- digestive juices destroy microbes/critters that may have been eaten. Digestive system- digestive juices destroy microbes/critters that may have been eaten.
81
First lines of Defense Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps critters and gunk breathed in. Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps critters and gunk breathed in. Digestive system- digestive juices destroy critters that may have been eaten. Digestive system- digestive juices destroy critters that may have been eaten. Lymphatic system Lymphatic system
82
Immune System Response Factors
83
Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.
84
Immune System Response Factors Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Under the age of 5 and above 60 y/o is when our immune system is the weakest. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Under the age of 5 and above 60 y/o is when our immune system is the weakest.
85
Immune System Response Factors Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your immune system response. Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your immune system response.
86
Immune System Response Factors Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your immune system response. Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your immune system response. Opportunistic Infection- pathogen that would not usually infect, but if host is weak, it will infect. Opportunistic Infection- pathogen that would not usually infect, but if host is weak, it will infect.
87
The Immune Reaction
88
Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign.
89
The Immune Reaction Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antibody- a disease fighting protein Antibody- a disease fighting protein
90
The Immune Reaction Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antibody- a disease fighting protein Antibody- a disease fighting protein Antibody + Antigen=immune reaction Antibody + Antigen=immune reaction
91
The Immune Reaction Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Most of the time the immune reaction is specific.
92
The Immune Reaction Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Antibody A Antigen A
93
The Immune Reaction Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Antibody A Antigen B
94
The Immune Reaction The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body creates new antibodies for each new infection.
95
The Immune Reaction The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body stores the new antibody information for future use. The body stores the new antibody information for future use.
96
The Immune Reaction The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body stores the new antibody information for future use. The body stores the new antibody information for future use. In some cases this reaction does not work to well, as in the case of dangerous viruses---HIV, EBOLA, flesh eating bacteria, etc…. In some cases this reaction does not work to well, as in the case of dangerous viruses---HIV, EBOLA, flesh eating bacteria, etc….
97
Misc Immune System Info Antibiotics are for bacterial infections, they are not effective against viruses. Antibiotics are for bacterial infections, they are not effective against viruses.
98
Misc Immune System Info Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the T-cells (immune cells) in the body-a major player in organizing the immune system attack. For this reason AIDS pts dies from common infections…cold/flu HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the T-cells (immune cells) in the body-a major player in organizing the immune system attack. For this reason AIDS pts dies from common infections…cold/flu
99
Misc Immune System Info Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the bodies T-cells-a major player in organizing the bodies immune system attack. HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the bodies T-cells-a major player in organizing the bodies immune system attack. An Allergy is an over reaction of your immune system to a harmless antigen (allergen— pollen, dust, foods). You can die from a simple overreaction— anaphylaxis=complete system shut down. An Allergy is an over reaction of your immune system to a harmless antigen (allergen— pollen, dust, foods). You can die from a simple overreaction— anaphylaxis=complete system shut down.
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.