1. MEMBRANES & INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

2. MEMBRANES Cover surfaces, organs Line body cavities Protect, lubricate Two categories -Epithelial tissue membranes -Connective tissue membrane

3. EPITHELIAL TISSUE MEMBRANES Cutaneous -Skin (“dry”) Mucous -E.T. & C.T. -“wet”; secretes mucus -Lines open cavities -Traps, lubricates, protects, secretes enzymes

5. Cutaneous Membrane

6. Mucous Membrane

7. EPITHELIAL TISSUE MEMBRANES continued Serous -E.T. & C.T. -“wet”; secretes serous fluid; Lines closed cavities -Folds to form two layers *Parietal – lines wall of ventral body cavity *Visceral – covers organs -Serous fluid between layers (lubricant)

8. Serous Membrane

9. EPITHELIAL TISSUE MEMBRANES continued -Pleura *Line pleural cavities *Surround lungs -Peritoneum *Lines abdominal cavity & covers organs -Pericardium *Surround the heart

11. CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANE Synovial -C.T. -Lines joint cavities (freely movable), bursae, tendon sheaths -Synovial fluid lubricates & provides nutrients

13. Synovial Membrane

14. Integumentary - General Organ System Dermatology – Study of Skin Disorders

15. Integumentary - General Largest organ by weight Includes all 4 primary tissue types Aids in excretion of waste products

16. Integumentary - Structure Cutaneous Membrane (Dry) 2 Layers: -Epidermis -Dermis (with deeper hypodermis) Accessory Structures (glands, sensory structures, etc.)

17. Skin Structure Slide 4.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.4

18. Integumentary - Function Protection – infection, H 2 O loss, Chemicals Sensation – pain, temp, touch, pressure Temperature Regulation - sweat Excretion – salts, nitrogenous wastes Vitamin D Synthesis

19. Cutaneous Membrane Epidermis -“upon the dermis” -Stratified squamous E.T. -Avascular -Rapid mitosis of basal layer -Melanocytes – Melanin-producing cells -Keratin – waterproofing protein

20. Cutaneous Membrane Dermis -Below epidermis -2 layers: *Papillary - Superficial *Reticular - Deep -Fibrous connective tissue -Highly vascular -Sensory receptors & nerves -Arrector pili muscle (smooth)

21. Hypodermis -“Below the Dermis” -Subcutaneous Layer -Areolar C.T. and Adipose C.T. -Attaches skin to deeper tissues (not part of skin)

22. Sensory Receptors -Meissner’s Corpuscles *Touch *Papillary region -Pacinian Corpuscles *Pressure *Reticular region & Hypodermis -Free Nerve Endings *Temperature *Pain

23. Skin Coloration -Melanin *Epidermis *Produced by Melanocytes *Yellow-brown to black *Absorbs UV -Carotene *Dermis *Yellowish -Hemoglobin *Blood *Reddish

24. Accessory Structures Located in Dermis or Epidermis Formed from Epidermis Includes: -Glands -Hair -Nails

25. Accessory Structures Glands (Exocrine – empty via ducts): -Sebaceous *Secrete Sebum (oil) *Empty into hair follicles *Lubricates hair & inhibits bacteria -Sudoriferous (Sweat) *Empty into surface pores -Ceruminous *Secrete Cerumin (wax) *Empty into external ear canal

26. Accessory Structures Hair -Produced by follicle -Dead, keratinized cells -Protection & Sensation -Associated arrector pili Nails -Dead cells, heavy keratin -Protect & manipulate -Lunula color indicator of blood oxygen