1. Communicable and Chronic Diseases
Chapter 12

2. Objectives Day 1
The students will be able to recognize behaviors that help reduce the risk of infection from communicable diseases
Be able to describe how the immune system works

3. Communicable Diseases
Communicable disease (infectious disease):
An illness caused by pathogens that can be spread from one living thing to another.
Pathogen:
A germ that causes disease
Ex. People develop “the flu” when pathogens that cause influenza enter their bodies.

4. Immune System
Removes harmful organisms from the blood and combats pathogens
Immune system is composed of body organs, tissues, cells, and chemicals
The skin is the first line of defense
Perspiration and oils on the skin kill pathogens
Tears contain chemicals that kill pathogens and prevent them from entering eyes
Mucous and hairs that line the inside of nose trap and destroy pathogens

5. Our Immune System

6. Immune system
Lymphocytes: White blood cells that help the body fight pathogens.
B Cell: White blood cell produced antibodies.
Antibody: Special protein that helps fight infection.
Helper T cell: White blood cell that signals B cells to produce antibodies.
Macrophage: White blood cell that surrounds and destroys pathogens.

7. Communicable Diseases
Bacteria
Single-celled microorganisms
More than a thousand types of bacteria
Types of diseases caused by bacteria
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Strep throat
TB (Tuberculosis)
Tetanus
Lyme disease
Strep Throat

8. Communicable Diseases
Rickettsia
Pathogens that grow inside living cells and resemble bacteria
Protozoa
Tiny, single-celled organisms that produce toxins that cause disease
Malaria
African sleeping sickness

9. Communicable Diseases
Viruses
Is the smallest known pathogen
Viruses spread rapidly
Common Cold
Mumps
Hepatitis
Mononucleosis
Chickenpox
HIV
Rabies
Influenza

10. Communicable Diseases
Fungi
Single or multi-celled parasitic organisms
Fungi can live on skin, mucous membranes, and lungs
Athlete’s foot
Ringworm
Jock itch
Nail infections
Thrush
Athlete’s Foot- Above
Oral Thrush- Below

11. Communicable Diseases
Helminths
A parasitic worm
Caused by eating undercooked pork or fish or from poor hygiene
Tapeworms
Pinworms
Hookworms

12. The Spread of Pathogens
All of these diseases can be spread through direct contact
Shacking hands
Kissing
Sexual intercourse
Receiving a transfusion
Handling bodily fluids (Blood and Urine)
Open sores

13. Review
Go through the worksheet and fill out the first page and do the assignment at the bottom of the page.
Tomorrow we will be learning about respiratory diseases and allergies.

14. Objectives Day 2
Students will be able to identify the 5 respiratory diseases
Students will be able to identify the characteristics of asthma
The students will be able to identify immunizations needed at certain ages

15. Infectious Respiratory Diseases
Five infectious respiratory diseases
Common Cold
Influenza
Pneumonia
Strep Throat
Tuberculosis (TB)

16. Common Cold Viral Infection Transmission Symptoms Treatment
Coughs, sneezes, people can inhale the virus
Become infected by shaking hands with an infected person and then touch a mucous membrane (rub eyes, nose, mouth)
Symptoms
Runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing, sore throat, cough, head ache, and can last 2-14 days
Treatment
Plenty of rest and fluids
Over the count medicines
Viral infection-Rhinovirus

17. Influenza Viral Infection Transmission Symptoms Treatment
From air through coughing and sneezing
Enter body through mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth)
Spread Rapidly
Symptoms
Headaches, chills, sneezing, stuffy nose, sore throat, and dry cough
Treatment
Rest and drink plenty of fluids
Viral infection- Reye’s syndrome

18. Pneumonia Viral infection Transmission Symptoms Treatment
Direct contact with a contaminated person or object, untreated respiratory disease
Symptoms
Shortness of breathe, difficulty breathing and coughing, chest pain, weakness, fever, and chills
Treatment
Antibiotics

19. Strep Throat Viral Infection Transmission Symptoms Treatment
Coughing, sneezing, and close contact with an infected person
Symptoms
Fever and sever sore throat
Treatment
Antibiotics, rest, and drink plenty of fluids

20. Tuberculosis Viral Infection Transmission Symptoms Treatment
Air, through coughing and sneezing of an infected person
Symptoms
Extreme tiredness coughing, nights sweats, lose of appetite, weight loss, low-grade fever, chills, bloody sputum, shortness of breath, and chest pain
Treatment
Antibiotics and supportive care

21. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Viral Infection
Transmission
Air, enters the body through mucous membranes
Symptoms
Fever higher than degrees F
Cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, low oxygen in the blood, or X-ray findings of pneumonia
Treatment
Supportive care and rest

22. Asthma Noncommunicable disease Symptoms Asthma attack
Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
Asthma attack
An episode of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and tightness in the chest experienced by a person who has asthma

23. Exercise Induced Asthma (EIA)
A condition in which a person has difficulty breathing during or shortly after strenuous physical activity.
Some people only suffer an asthma attack only with exercise
Avoid asthma attacks by reducing asthma triggers
Recognize warning signs and take medication if needed.

24. Immunizations For Adults
Adults need to receive…
Tetanus (Every ten years)
College students living in dorms are advised to be immunized for meningococcal disease (Meningitis)
Pregnant women should not receive MMR and varicella vaccinations until after delivery because could lead to birth defects

25. Immunization Recommendations
All children should be immunized against..
Measles
Mumps
Rubella (German Measles)
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Hepatitis B
Diphtheris
Tetanus
Perussis (whopping cough)
Polio

26. Allergies Allergy Airborne Allergens Animal dander Hay Fever
An overreaction of the body to a substance, that in most people causes no response
Airborne Allergens
Animal dander, feathers, pollens, and mites
Animal dander
Flakes of dead skin from an animal
Hay Fever
A common term for seasonal respiratory allergies that typically occur in the spring and fall

27. Allergy Tests Skin patch test Blood tests
Involves putting allergens on a parch, taping the patch to the skin, and observing the reaction
Blood tests
Can be done in a variety of ways (finger prick, taking blood)

28. Review
Read the chapter on Reparatory diseases, Asthma, and Immunizations
Do the next section of vocabulary words/questions in the packet

29. Objectives Day 3
Students will be able to list a variety of Cardiovascular diseases
Students will learn how to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases
Students will identify the difference between Type I, Type II diabetes, and Gestational diabetes

30. Cardiovascular Disease
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain that results form narrowed coronary arteries
Nitroglycerin
A drug that widens the coronary arteries, allowing more oxygen to get to the cardiac muscle
Congestive Heart Failure
A condition that occurs when the heart’s pumping ability is below normal capacity and fluid accumulates in the lungs and other areas of the body

31. Cardiovascular Disease
Coronary Heart Disease
A disease in which the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked
Coronary artery
A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart muscles
Plague
Hardened deposits of fat and other materials in the walls of arteries throughout the body

32. Cardiovascular Disease
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening and thickening of the arteries
Atherosclerosis
A disease in which fat deposits collect on artery walls

33. Cardiovascular Diseases
Heart Rhythm Abnormalities
Arrhythmia
Heart condition in which the heart may beat very slowly or very fast for no obvious reason
Pacemaker
A device that is implanted in the heart to stimulate normal heart contractions
Heart Attack
The death of cardiac muscle caused by a lack of blood flow to the heart

34. Cardiovascular Diseases
Rheumatic fever
An autoimmune action in the heart that can cause fever, weakness, and damage to the valves in the heart
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Permanent heart damage that results from rheumatic fever
Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)
A condition caused by a blocked or broken blood vessel in the brain
Aneurysm
Weakened area of a blood vessel

35. Reducing Your Risk Maintain a healthy blood cholesterol level
A fat-like substance made by the body and found in certain foods
Low density lipoproteins (LDLs)
Substances in the blood that carry cholesterol to body cells
High density lipoproteins (HDLs)
Substances in the blood that carry cholesterol to the liver for breakdown and excretion
The higher the HDL level, the lower the risk of heart disease
Saturated Fat
A type of fat from dairy products, solid vegetable fat, and meat and poultry

36. Reducing Your Risk Avoid tobacco products
Maintain healthful blood pressure
Maintain a healthful body weight
Participate in regular physical activity
Manage stress

37. Diabetes Type I diabetes The body produces little or no insulin
Insulin is a hormone that regulates the blood sugar level
If the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin enough insulin, a person develops diabetes
Appears most often in children and young adults
People with Type I need daily injections of insulin to stay alive

38. Diabetes Type II diabetes
The body produces insulin but cannot be used by cells
About 90-95% of people who have diabetes have Type II
Most frequently strike people years old
Symptoms include: Feeling tired, frequent urination, unusual thirst, weight loss, blurred vision, frequent infections , and slow healing of sores
About 80% of people with Type II are over weight

39. Diabetes Gestational Diabetes Occurs in some females during pregnancy
Insulin is produced, but the body does not respond to it
Usually treated with diet, but not with oral medications because it could hurt the baby
Usually goes away after the baby is born

40. Review Discussion Do numbers 30-69 in the handout
Read the chapter on Cardiovascular diseases and Diabetes

41. Objectives Day 4
Students will learn the different types of Sexual Transmitted Diseases
Student will learn how to reduce risk of infection with sexual transmitted diseases

42. Some Common STD’s/STIs
Bacterial (curable)
Viral (incurable)
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Bacterial vaginosis
Trichomoniasis, protozoa*
HIV
Herpes
Genital Warts (HPV)
Hepatitis B
Molluscum Contagiosum

43. Review
Discussion
Study for test for tomorrow