1. Respiratory System

2. Parts
Lungs
Air passages

3. Functions Takes in oxygen Removes carbon dioxide
Body has 4-6 minute supply of oxygen

4. Air Passages Nose 2 nostrils or nares Nasal septum Lined Functions
Divides nose into 2 nasal cavities
Lined
With mucous membrane with a rich blood supply
Functions
Warms
Moistens
Filters

5. Cilia Olfactory Receptor Lacrimal Ducts
Tiny hair-like structures that help move dirt trapped in mucous to the esophagus
Olfactory Receptor
Receptors for sense of smell
Lacrimal Ducts
Tear ducts
Drain tears from the eye into the nose

6. Olfactory Receptors

7. Sinuses Cavities in the skull that surround the nasal area
Connected to nasal cavities by short ducts
Function
Warms and moistens air
Lined with mucous membrane
Provides resonance for the voice

8. Pharynx Throat Lies behind the nasal passages 3 sections Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

9. Larynx Voice box Layers of cartilage Contains
Largest is the thyroid cartilage commonly called the Adam's apple
Contains
Vocal chords
Vibrate on exhaled air to produce sound
The tongue and lips act on the sound to produce speech
Epiglottis
Flap of cartilage that closes the larynx during swallowing and prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea

10. Trachea
Windpipe
Series of “C” shaped cartilage to keep the tube open to the back
Divide into the right and left bronchi
Continues to divide into smaller bronchioles
End in the alveoli
Air sacs

11. Alveoli One cell thick and surrounded by capillaries
Look like a cluster of grapes
Allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

13. Surfactant Surfactant
Reduces surface pressure and prevents alveoli from collapsing

14. Exchange of Gases

15. Lungs
Right lung 3 lobes
Left lung 2 lobes due to the heart

16. Pleura
Covered by a double layer sac called the pleura

17. Ventilation Process of breathing Diaphragm Muscle of respiration
Assisted by the intercostal muscles
Phases of respiration
Inspiration
Inhale
Expiration
Exhale

18. Diaphragm
Dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

19. Process of Respiration
Controlled by the medulla oblongata in the brain
An increase in amount of CO2 in the blood , increases the rate of respiration
Both involuntary and voluntary process

20. Stages of Respiration External Respiration
Exchange of gases between air in the lung and the blood

21. Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases between the blood and the cells

22. Cellular Respiration
Use of gases to make energy, water and CO2

23. Diseases
Asthma
Inflammation of airways with increased mucous production and muscle constriction
Cause – allergen, exercise, stress, chemical
S/S - wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, shortness of breath
Tx - bronchodilators, steroids

25. Nebulizer Inhaler

26. Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchial tubes
Acute – infection
Chronic – longtime exposure to smoking
S/S productive cough, dyspnea, fever, chest pain
Tx – antibiotics, bronchodilators, oxygen

27. Emphysema

28. Emphysema
Non infectious, chronic respiratory condition when walls of alveoli deteriorate and loss elasticity
CO2 remains trapped in the alveoli
Poor exchange of gases
S/S dypnea, feeling of suffocation, barrel chest
TX – No cure

29. Epistaxis Nosebleed Congested capillaries bleed
Due to injury, blowing too hard, hypertension
TX – pinch nostrils lean forward slightly

30. Influenza Flu Viral infection of the lungs
Spread by respiratory droplet
S/S - fever, malaise, chills, cough, sore throat, muscle pain
Tx - symptomatic

31. Lung Cancer Leading cause of death of men and women
S/S no symptoms in early stages, later cough hemoptysis
Tx – surgical removal, radiation, chemotherapy

32. Pneumonia Inflammation or infection of the lungs
Build up of exudates (fluid) in the alveoli
S/S cough, chest pain, fever, dyspnea
Tx – antibiotics, bed rest, fluids, respiratory therapy, pain medication

34. Rhinitis, Laryngitis, Sinusitis

35. Tuberculosis
Infectious lung disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Can be walled off in a tubercle and become dormant
New strains are drug resistant
S/S fatigue, fever, night sweats, hemoptysis weight loss, chest pain
Tx - several drugs over a period of two years