1. The Respiratory System

2. Overview

3. Respiratory System
-nose, passageways, lungs, and a muscle called the diaphragm.

4. Major Function:
-process by which an organism exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with its environment.

5. Types of Respiration (3 types)
1. External Respiration- occurs in the lungs, exchange of gases between the air and your lungs. (alveoli)
Internal Respiration- exchange of gases between the blood and body cells.
Cellular Respiration- production of ATP (energy) in cells.

6. Taking a Breath… -Inspiration: process of inhaling air Nitrogen 78%
-CPR works because we don’t ONLY exhale Carbon Dioxide. We exhale a good amount of Oxygen as well.
-Inspiration: process of inhaling air
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Carbon Dioxide .03%
Other gases .97%
-Expiration: process of exhaling air
Oxygen %
Carbon Dioxide 4.49%
-Lungs have a total capacity of approx 4-5 liters
-You normally inhale approx .5 Liters
-Exhaling, you have a residual volume of air left in your lungs of about1 Liter

7. Nose: contains small hairs that filter particulates.
Nasal Cavity: contain cilia that act as an additional filter of the incoming air. Also contains mucous that protects tissues, warms, and moistens the air.
Pharynx: passageway leading to the trachea (contains 2 passageways for food and air)

8. Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea.
Nose
Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea.
Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’.
Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes, made of cartilage. Mucous and cilia lined.

9. Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi.
Nose
Bronchus: 2 tubes that split off from the trachea, each lead to lung. Mucous and cilia lined.
Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi.
Alveoli: sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between air and blood (capillaries).
Diaphragm: muscle separating the thoracic from the abdominal cavities.

10. Respiratory Structures
-Nose: contains small hairs that filter particulates. -Nasal Cavities: contain cilia that act as an additional filter of the incoming air. Also contains mucous that protects tissues, warms, and moistens the air. -Pharynx: back of the throat; splits into the trachea and the esophagus.

11. -Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea
-Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea. -Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’. -Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes, made of cartilage. Mucous and cilia lined. -Bronchi Tubes: two tubes that split off from the trachea, each one leads to lung. Mucous and cilia lined.

12. Into the lungs…
-Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi. -Alveoli: sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between the air and the blood. (capillaries)

13. CO2…Where does it come from?
Answer: Cellular Respiration!
Gas Exchange in the Lungs:
-occurs in the alveoli…surrounded by capillaries.
-simple diffusion! (oxygen in; carbon dioxide out)
-hemoglobin…carries the gases.
-carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions in the blood.

14. The act of breathing…
-When you inhale, your rib muscles and diaphragm contract, expanding your chest cavity. (Diaphragm moves lower into the chest cavity.)

15. -When you exhale, your rib muscles and diaphragm relax, returning your chest cavity to a resting position forcing air out.
Yawning Hiccups

16. Respiration Control…
-Breathing is an involuntary response. (controlled by the brain and brain stem)
-Receptors in the medulla oblongata detect high amounts of carbon dioxide and send signals to your rib muscles and diaphragm.
-Oxygen receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries send signals to the brain when the oxygen level is too low.

17. Respiratory Illnesses
-Asthma: contraction of the bronchioles due to an allergic reaction.
-Bronchitis: bacterial infection in the bronchioles.
-Emphysema: rupturing of the alveoli (smoking).
-Pneumonia: virus and bacterial infection (severe).
-Lung Cancer