1. NWAFS/CAC Joint Conference October 21, 2014 Presented by Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

2.  A specially trained and certified canine and dog handler used to detect traces of ignitable liquids in suspicious fires and arson investigations. Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

3. Ignitable Liquids vs.  A Liquid that will readily ignite when exposed to an ignition source.  Leaves traces of Ignitable Liquid Residue (ILR)  Example: Gasoline Accelerants  Material that is used to increase the rate of combustion for materials that do not readily burn.  Does not leave traces of ILR.  Example: Propane gas Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

4.  Gasoline  Diesel Fuel  Charcoal Lighter  Lamp Oil  Lighter Fluid  Paint Thinner  Kerosene  Aviation Fuel  And more….  Put Picture Here Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

5.  Structures  Vehicles  Vessels  Aircraft  Wild Land  People Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

6. Even though they are often referred to as “Arson Dogs.” Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

7. Is estimated to be 100,000 times keener than a human. Can detect as little as one micro liter (1000 th of a drop) of an ignitable liquid. Can detect odors 20-40 feet underground. Canine olfactory bulbs weigh about 60 grams (four times as much as a human.) Can distinguish odor “layering.”

8. Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org Source: Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Assoc. p. 155, 1995-1996; 1969

9.  Source= Wet Nose.  Mucous & cilia trap odor molecules and dissolve them.  Scent receptors send a signal along tiny nerves (axons) and olfactory nerves that sends a message from olfactory bulb to the brain, interpreting smells.  When nostrils are flared to sniff, shape of the nostril opening changes and redirects air to upper part of the nose to sensory cells.  Canines can detect which nostril has strongest concentration of scent.  The average dog produces about one pint of mucous per day. Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

10.  Species# of Scent Receptors  Humans5 million  Dachshund125 million  Fox Terrier147 million  Beagle225 million  German Shepherd225 million  Bloodhound300 million Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

11. MechanicalCanines  Difficulty detecting tiny amounts of ILR - differs by mfg (Parts per billion.)  Need to be calibrated before use according to mfg specifications.  Storage or on-scene temperature variations can cause false readings.  Short life span (1-2 years) – sensors degrade in time whether used or not.  Constantly needs to be exposed to fresh air/zero reading to burn off contaminants between probes.  Fresh batteries always needed.  Can detect 1-5 micro liters.  No calibration issues – Canines rarely have an “off” day.  Temperatures don’t cause false alerts.  7-10 year working life span depending on canine.  Not applicable.  Never need batteries! Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

12. Good Temperament Not Breed Specific Energetic and Fit Strong Food or Ball Drive

13.  By a Professional Canine Training Academy or Master Trainer  Ideal Age = 1.5 – 2 years  Training: 16-20 weeks Then Ongoing  Alerts  Passive  Aggressive  Rewards  Food Reward  Play Reward Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org

14. BoxesOdor Recognition CansScent Discrimination BoardsPinpoint Detection ArticlesPerson Searches Area SearchesIndoor & Outdoor VehiclesCars, Vessels, Aircraft Copyright 2014 Fire K9.org