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Cells and Tissues. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear Membrane Chromatin Peroxisome Lysosome Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Cell Membrane.

Published byAshton Eskins Modified over 9 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Cells and Tissues. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear Membrane Chromatin Peroxisome Lysosome Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Cell Membrane."— Presentation transcript:

1 Cells and Tissues

2 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear Membrane Chromatin Peroxisome Lysosome Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Cell Membrane Golgi Apparatus Centrosome/ Centriole Nucleolus Ribosomes (red dots) Cytoplasm

3 Cell Membrane Rough ER Smooth ER Cilia Microtubule Lysosome Microtubule Golgi Apparatus Microvilli Mitochondria Centriole Microtubule Flagella Nucleus Nuclear Envelope Nucleolus Chromatin Ribosome

4 Organelle Functions OrganelleLocationFunction Cell MembraneExternal boundary of the cellConfines cell contents; regulates entry and exit of materials LysosomeThroughout cytoplasmDigests and breaks down old organelles PeroxisomeThroughout cytoplasmBreaks down toxic materials in the cell (alcohol) MitochondriaScattered throughout cellEnergy powerhouse of the cell (ATP) Golgi ApparatusWithin cytoplasmProcess lipids/proteins for export out of the cell Centrioles2 rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus made of microtubulesControls the spindle fibers during mitosis CentrosomeConsists of the 2 centrioles and a mass of proteins near nucleusForm the spindle fibers during mitosis that pulls chromosomes apart Smooth ERWithin cytoplasmSynthesize lipids Rough ERFlattened sacs near nucleusSynthesize proteins RibosomesAttached to Rough ERSynthesize proteins CiliaHair like structures on surface of cell membraneMovement MicrovilliHair like structures on surface of cell membrane (smaller than cilia) Increase surface area of the cell; involved in secretion and absorption MicrotubulesThroughout cytoplasm; part of cytoskeleton; thick proteinsMoves organelles inside the cell; form the spindles during mitosis; compose cilia, flagella, and centrioles MicrofilamentsThroughout cytoplasm; part of the cytoskeleton; thin stringy proteins Moves organelles inside the cell; also involved in muscle contraction NucleolusWithin the nucleusSynthesis of ribosomes NucleusNear the center of the cellContains the genetic information Nuclear Envelope w/ poresExternal boundary of the nucleusAllows materials into and out of the nucleus Knowing functions are not required on the lab, but are helpful when clues are given in the question

5 Movements through the membrane: Diffusion Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration No energy required

6 Movements through the membrane: Filtration As blood flows through the capillary, smaller molecules are filtered out through tiny openings and larger molecules stay inside

7 Testing Solutions Water GlucoseSucrose Benedict’s Test (test for glucose) Color change from blue to orange Iodine Test (test for starch) Color change from orange to dark purple

8 Type of cell: Type of solution: Water is diffusing: RBC Isotonic Into and out of RBC equally

9 Type of cell: Type of solution: Water is diffusing: Crenated RBC Hypertonic out of RBC faster

10 Type of cell: Type of solution: Water is diffusing: Lysed RBC Hypotonic Into RBC faster

11 Phase: What is occurring: Interphase Nuclear envelope is visible DNA replication Cell performs its normal job Mitosis

12 Phase: What is occurring: Prophase Nuclear envelope is disappearing Chromosomes forming Mitosis

13 Phase: What is occurring: Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell Mitosis

14 Phase: What is occurring: Anaphase _______ are separating Mitosis

15 Phase: What is occurring: Telophase Cytokinesis Nuclear membrane reforms Cell membrane forms Mitosis

16 Tissues

17 Simple Squamous Location: Body Function: Lungs, endothelium of capillaries Diffusion, osmosis

18 Simple Cuboidal Location: Body Function: Kidney tubules, glands, ovaries Secretion, absorption

19 Simple Columnar Location: Body Function: GI tract, uterus Secretion, absorption, move sperm

20 Pseudostratified Columnar Location: Trachea Function: Movement of fluids (mucous)

21 Stratified Squamous Location: Body Function: Skin, mouth, anal canal, esophagus Protection water loss, abrasion etc….

22 Transitional Location: Body Function: bladder Stretch

23 Connective Tissues

24 Loose Connective Tissue (Areolar) Fibroblasts Collagen Fibers Elastic Fibers Reticular Fibers

25 Fat (adipose) Nucleus Adipocyte

26 Reticular Reticular Fibers

27 Dense Regular Nuclei of Fibroblasts Collagen Fibers

28 Hyaline cartilage Matrix Chondrocytes Lacuna ( space occupied by cell )

29 Elastic Cartilage

30 Fibrocartilage Chondrocytes Collagen Fibers

31 Bone Osteocytes Central Canal

32 Blood RBC Platelets WBC

33 Skeletal Muscle Location: Body Function: Attached to Skeleton Voluntary movement

34 Cardiac Muscle Location: Body Function: Heart Heart muscle contraction Intercalated Discs

35 Smooth Muscle Location: Body Function: Blood vessels, GI tract Involuntary movement

36 Nervous tissue Location: Body Function: CNS, PNS Conduct nerve impulses

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