1. New Nations

2. Antecedents During the 18th Century, Romanticism flourished in Europe as a response to the Age of Enlightenment. Rousseau (1712-1778) and Goethe (1749-1832) --Reaction against rationalization → Strong emotions. -- Heroic themes. -- Attraction for the night, the unexplained, the supernatural --The movement came late to Spain, and didn’t last long, although it was intense. --As usual, it arrived even later in the New World, where it mixed with other trends, such as Regionalismo and Naturalismo.

3. Realism arose in Europe as a reaction to the idealism of Romanticism; in Latin America the movement highlighted the plight of the poor. Several authors and works associated with the Realist movement are profiled -LATIN AMERICA -- Romanticism arrived in the Americas even later, and mixes with Realism (novelas históricas like Amalia). -- The Novel is the main genre of Latin American Romanticism -- In L.A. romanticism mixes with strong ideologies and nationalism. -- Maria, by Jorge Isaacs. -- Rebuilt a national identity after the Independence of these countries.

4. Juan Manuel de las Rosas (1793-1877) El rey es como un padre: amar, castigar y recompensar.

5. Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811-1888) President of Argentina 1868 - 1874. His main work was Facundo (1845) Civilización y Barbarie

6. José Hernández (1834-1886) - He was convinced that the provinces should not obey the central government of Buenos Aires (joined an armyagainst the Federal government at age 19). - He was also a journalist and politician.