1. Ch. 24 Sec. 1 Communicable Diseases

2. What are Communicable Diseases?  Any disease that is spread from one _______________ thing to another  Any disease that is spread through the _____________________

3. Causes of Communicable Diseases  Pathogens are _______________ that cause disease. The following are pathogens:  _________________  Bacteria  _________________  Protozoan  Rickettsia

4. Virus  Viruses need living cells to _______________  Viruses invade all known forms of life  Viruses need to run their course and then be killed by your _______________ system  Antibiotics do _______ work against viruses

5. What does a virus do?  Attaches itself to a cell (_____________)  Controls the host and tells it to make more  New infected cells break off from the host  The host dies  New infected cells take over other ____________________ cells  Process repeats

6. Bacteria  ___________-celled  First living organism on the _____________  Most are harmless  Many are essential for healthy lives  Can ______________ and multiply  Most can be treated with antibiotics

7. Fungus  _____________________ organisms  Mold  Yeast  Can infect the lungs (mucous)  Can cause diseases of the skin  ______________________

8. Protozoan and Rickettsias  Protozoans are _______________-celled  Larger and more complex than bacteria  Most are _________________________  Rickettsias resemble bacteria  Enter the body through _______________ (insect, flea)

9. How are diseases transmitted?  Direct Contact  ____________________ Contact  Vectors  Water/Food  ____________________

10. Direct Contact  You must ‘touch’ an infected person or _______________________  Touching, biting, kissing, sexual contact  Pregnant mother to unborn _____________

11. Indirect Contact  Coming across contaminated objects  Touch the object then touch your ______________, ____________, and/or __________  Can be prevented by __________ ________

12. Vectors  Any organism that can carry pathogens  Ticks  Mosquito  _________

13. Water/Food  Careless handling of water/food supplies can lead to infections  Water supplies can be contaminated by human or animal ________________  Hepatitis A

14. Airborne  Pathogens can live and travel through the ___________  From a __________ or ____________  Chicken pox, tuberculosis, flu

15. Prevention  Wash hands often  After using _____________________  Before preparing food  Before putting contacts in  When someone around you is ill

16. Other Preventative Measures  Do not handle body fluids or waste products  Clean surfaces after food has touched them  Cook ____________ to proper temperature  Avoid sharing utensils, cups,  Get ________________________ (shots!)  Avoid those who are ___________

17. Ch. 24 Sec. 2 Communicable Diseases and your Body

18. Our Bodies  Your body is exposed to millions of _________________ everyday, all day  Your immune system fights them off  _____________ acts as first defense  Immune system goes to work next

19. Immune System  The immune system has two major defense strategies:  Inflammatory Response  __________________ Response

20. Vaccines  ______________ or weakened pathogens are injected into the immune system  Causes the body to produce a _________________ without causing the actual disease

21. Types of Vaccines  ____________-Virus  Made from live pathogens grown in a lab  ____________-Virus  Made from dead pathogens  Toxoids  Made from inactivated _______________  New and Second Generation Vaccines  Made from genetically altered yeast cells

22. Care of Immune System  Keep ___________________  Eat proper diet  Get plenty of ______________ and ___________  Avoid sharing personal items  Keep immune system strong

23. Ch. 24 Sec. 3 Common Communicable Diseases

24. Most Common Communicable Diseases  Respiratory Infections  __________  Pneumonia  __________ __________  Tuberculosis  Hepatitis (A, B, C)

25. Respiratory Infections  Most common  Can occur anywhere  Avoid close ____________ with those who are ill  Keep hands away from mouth, eyes, nose  _________________ can contribute

26. Cold  ______________ infection  No cure  Runny nose, sneezing, sore throat  Mucous membranes become irritated  Most common way is to pick up the virus by touch and then rub your eyes, nose, or mouth

27. Flu (Influenza)  _______________ infection  No cure  Vaccine available to prevent  High fever, fatigue, headache, muscle ache  Plenty of rest and fluids

28. Strep Throat  ________________ infection  Usually spread by cough/sneeze  Sore throat, fever, enlarged lymph nodes in neck area  A throat culture is taken to identify

29. Tuberculosis  _________________ Infection  Spreads through the __________  Attacks the ____________  Most people will be infected with this, but their immune system will fight it off (the person will never get sick from it)  Fatigue, coughing blood, fever, weight loss

30. Hepatitis  _______________Infection  Inflammation of the liver  No cure  Vaccines for type A and B Hepatitis A Spread through feces Hepatitis B Spread though blood, infected needles or sexual contact Hepatitis C Most common Spread through blood Leads to liver cancer or failure

31. Ch. 24 Sec. 4 Emerging Infections

32. Future Infections  Communicable diseases have increased in humans and animals in the last 2 decades  This could affect future generations of humans and animals

33. Transported across Borders  Humans and animals are affected by disease brought in from other countries  West Nile  Dengue Fever  Both carried by __________________

34. Population Movement  Movement of people  In heavily _________________ areas (ticks)  Areas of certain species (spiders, insects)

35. Resistance to Antibiotics  Some diseases have developed certain __________________ that are no longer affected by medicines (they are immune)  Tuberculosis  Gonorrhea  Pneumonia

36. Changes in Food Technology  Mass production of food (in plants and packing companies) increase the chances for _____________________  E.Coli  Salmonella  Botchulism

37. Agents of Terror  Governments or anti-government groups have begun using diseases as ____________  Bioterrorism  Smallpox  Outbreaks