1. Integumentary System CHAPTER 5

2. 2 Integumentary System Skin –Integument or cutaneous membrane –Epidermis –Dermis –Subcutaneous layer Accessory structures –Hair –Nails –Glands

3. 3 Layers and Structures of the Skin

4. 4 Skin Lesions Abrasion –Scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area Example: carpet burn Abscess –Localized collection of pus in any body part that results from invasion of pus-forming bacteria Example: pustule = small abscess

5. 5 Skin Lesions Bedsore –Ulcer in skin over a bony prominence –Also known as pressure ulcer Example: decubitus ulcer Blister –Small, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid –Also known as a vesicle

6. 6 Bulla –Large blister Carbuncle –Circumscribed inflammation of skin and deeper tissues; contains pus Comedo –Typical lesion of acne vulgaris Example: whitehead = closed comedo Example: blackhead = open comedo Skin Lesions

7. 7 Cyst –Closed sac or pouch in or within the skin; contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material Example: hydrocele = fluid-filled cyst Example: sebaceous cyst = solid-filled cyst

8. 8 Skin Lesions Fissure –Cracklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane Example: anal fissure Fistula –Abnormal passageway between two tubular organs; or from an organ to the body surface Example: recto-vaginal fistula

9. 9 Skin Lesions Hives –Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions on skin; paler in center than surrounding edges –Also called wheals Example: mosquito bite Laceration –Tear in skin; torn, jagged wound

10. 10 Skin Lesions Macule –Small flat, discoloration of the skin; neither raised nor depressed Example: bruises, freckles Nodule –Small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin

11. 11 Skin Lesions Papule –Small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin –Example: pimple, wart, elevated mole Polyp –Small, stalklike growth, protruding upward or outward from membrane surface –Example: nasal polyp

12. 12 Pustule –Small elevation of skin filled with pus Example: small abscess on the skin Scales –Thin flakes of hardened epithelium that are shed from the epidermis Ulcer –Circumscribed, open sore or lesion of skin, accompanied by inflammation Example: decubitus ulcer Skin Lesions

13. 13 Skin Lesions Vesicle –Small, thin-walled, lesion containing clear fluid Example: blister Wheal –Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin –Paler in center than surrounding edges Example: hives

14. PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Integumentary System

15. 15 Acne Vulgaris Pronounced –(ACK-nee-vul-GAY-ris) Defined –Common inflammatory disorder seen on face, chest, back, and neck –Appears as papules, pustules, and comedos

16. 16 Albinism Pronounced –(AL-bin-izm) Defined –Condition characterized by absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

17. 17 Burns Defined –Tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases –Extent of damage determined by: Mode and duration of exposure Thermal intensity or temperature Anatomic site of the burn

18. 18 First-degree or superficial burns –Example: sunburn Second-degree or partial-thickness burns –Example: flash contact with hot objects Third-degree or full-thickness burns –Example: deep burns from a fire Burns

19. 19 Callus Pronounced –(CAL-us) Defined –Common, usually painless thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction, such as weight-bearing areas of the feet and on the palmar surface of the hands Also known as a callosity

20. 20 Carcinoma, Basal Cell Pronounced –(car-sih-NOH-mah BAY-sal sell) Defined –Most common malignant tumor of epithelial tissue, occurring most often on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun Presents as a slightly elevated nodule with a depression or ulceration in the center that becomes more obvious as the tumor grows

21. 21 Pronounced –(car-sih-NOH-mah SKWAY-mus sell ) Defined –Malignancy of the squamous, or scalelike, cells of the epithelial tissue –Much faster growing than basal cell carcinoma –Greater potential for metastasis if not treated Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

22. 22 Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Frequent sites on sun-exposed areas –Top of nose –Forehead –Margin of external ear –Back of hands –Lower lip

23. 23 Dermatitis Pronounced –(der-mah-TYE-tis) Defined –Inflammation of skin, seen in several different forms –Acute or chronic –Contact or seborrheic

24. 24 Eczema Pronounced –(EK-zeh-mah) Defined –Acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and itching

25. 25 Exanthematous Viral Diseases Pronounced –(eks-an-THEM-ah-tus viral diseases) Defined –Skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infectious viral disease

26. 26 Exanthematous Viral Diseases Examples: –Rubella = German Measles = 3 day measles –Roseola Infantum –Rubeola = Red Measles = 7-10 day measles –Erythema Infectiosum = Fifth disease

27. 27 Gangrene Pronounced –(GANG-green) Defined –Tissue death due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, subsequent decay with foul odor

28. 28 Herpes Zoster Pronounced –(HER-peez ZOS-ter) Defined –Acute viral infection, characterized by painful, vesicular eruptions on the skin that follow along nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves –Highest incidence in adults over 50

29. 29 Herpes Zoster Image courtesy of Robert A. Silverman, M.D., Pediatric Dermatology, Georgetown University

30. 30 Impetigo Pronounced –(Im-peh-TYE-goh) Defined –Contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria Usually forming on the face