1. Population Ecology I. Attributes II.Distribution III. Population Growth – changes in size through time IV. Species Interactions

2. A. Types Effect on Species 2 Effect on species 1 PositiveNeutralNegative Positivemutualismcommensalconsumer Neutralcommensal-amensal Negativeconsumeramensalcompetition

3. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource 1. Types

4. IV. Species Interactions A.Consumer-Resource 1. Types

5. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource 1. Types 2. Responses - Structural, morphological: capture, defense

6. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource 1. Types 2. Responses - Behavioral: individual and social Sit-and-wait, crypsis pursuit

7. Trade-offs

8. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource 1. Types 2. Responses - Chemical

9. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource 1. Types 2. Responses - Chemical

10. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource 1. Types 2. Responses 3. Novel Aspects of Parasitism Complex life cycles Structurally simple Intimacy may select for mutualism

11. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource 1. Types 2. Responses 3. Novel Aspects of Parasitism Complex life cycles Structurally simple Intimacy may select for mutualism

12. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource C. Competition 1. Types: - exploitative/‘scramble’ – organisms remove what they can, and neither make get enough - territorial/ ‘contest’ – competition for access to the resource, with ‘winner take all’ 2. Responses - Competititve exclusion (one species wins) - Coexistence by resource partitioning

13. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource C. Competition D. Mutualisms 1. Types: - trophic: involve species with complementary feeding relationships and they share food (mycorrhizae) - defensive: one species provides defense to another, in exchange for some service or food (ant-acacia) - dispersive: one species disperses pollen or fruit in exchange for food 2. Responses - Increase frequency and intimacy - May increase the probability of extinction if an obligate relationship develops

14. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource C. Competition D. Mutualisms

15. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource C. Competition D. Mutualisms E. Interactions are not Static 1. Competition – Faciliation Continua

16. IV. Species Interactions B. Consumer-Resource C. Competition D. Mutualisms E. Interactions are not Static 2. Parasitism – Mutualism Continua