1. Medical terminology T / sanaa abd elhamed
BASIC WORD STRUCTURE
Medical terminology T / sanaa abd elhamed

2. OBJECTIVES Define the word parts.
At the end of this lecture, you should able to:
Define the word parts.
Give an example of how the word parts are used.
Recognize and use some general nouns, adjectives and plurals used in medical terminology.
Analyze the word parts in a case study.

3. -The four types of word parts are:
Word root
Suffix
Prefix
Combining vowel

4. WORD ROOT The main part or foundation of a word:
Example: cardiac; cardi / ac
root
(heart)
If the word end with (vowel) SUFFIX IS ( ac )

5. SUFFIX Word ending. Example: cardiac; cardi / ac suffix
(pertaining to)

6. Another example: carditis;
root suffix
(heart) (inflammation)

7. PREFIX Word beginning. It changes the meaning of the root.
Prefixes, usually; not always, indicate to location, time or number.

8. Example:
pre/natal peri/natal post/natal
prefix prefix prefix
(before (around) (after)
or in front of)

9. COMBINING VOWEL
A vowel (usually o) linking the root to the suffix or to another root. Example:
gastr o enter o logy
root root suffix
(stomach) (intestine) (study of)
combining vowel

10. The combination of a word root with the combining vowel called COMBINING FORM.
Example:
cardiogram; cardi o gram
root combining suffix
(heart) vowel (record)

11. COMMONLY USED PREFIXES
1. abnormal (means away from normal). abnormal (adj) Noun is abnormality. Adverb is abnormally.

12. 2. A febrile (means without fever). a means no or without. 3
2. A febrile (means without fever). a means no or without. 3. anemia (n) (a-nee-mia) means a condition where the level of haemoglobin and red blood cells is less than normal. The prefix an means no or without. The suffix -emia means blood condition. Anaemic is adj.

13. 4. Diagnose (v) means identify a patient’s condition or illness by examining the patient and noting symptoms. dia- means through. gnose means knowledge. Diagnosis (n) Diagnostic (adj)

14. 5. Dysuria (n) (dis-yoor-ia) means pain or difficulty in passing urine
5. Dysuria (n) (dis-yoor-ia) means pain or difficulty in passing urine. dys ur ia prefix root suffix (difficult) (urine) (condition)

15. 6. Endoscopy (n) (en-dos-ko-pi) means an examination of the inside of the body using an endoscope. endoscopic (adj) endo scopy prefix suffix (inside) (visual examination)

16. 7. Hypertension (n) (hy- per-ten-shon) means high blood pressure
7. Hypertension (n) (hy- per-ten-shon) means high blood pressure. hypertensive (adj) 8. Hypotensive patient means low blood pressure. hypo is opposite to hyper

17. 9. Intercostal (adj) (inter-kos-t’l) means between the ribs
9. Intercostal (adj) (inter-kos-t’l) means between the ribs. inter cost al prefix root suffix (between) (ribs) (pertaining to)

18. 10. Intravenous (adj) (intra-vee-nus) means within a vein
10. Intravenous (adj) (intra-vee-nus) means within a vein. intravenously (adverb) intra ven ous prefix root suffix (within) (vein) (pertaining to)

19. 11. Preoperative (adj) (pree- op-er-a-tiv): means before operation. 12
11. Preoperative (adj) (pree- op-er-a-tiv): means before operation. 12. Postoperative (adj) means after. 13. Subcutaneous (adj) (sub-kew-tay-nius): means under the skin. Opposites super- and supra- means above.

20. COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES
1. Angiography (n) (an-ji-og-rafi) means an X-ray examination of blood vessels. angi/o means blood vessel. The suffix –graphy means the process of recording a picture. angiograph (n) or angiogram

21. 2. Angioplasty (n) (an-ji-oh-plas-ti) means a surgical repair of blood vessels. 3. Cardiac (adj) (kar-di-ak) means pertaining to the heart. Heart (n).

22. 4. Cardiology (n) (kar-di-ol-oji) means the study of the structure, function and diseases of the heart. The suffix –logy means study of. cardiological (adj) 5- Cardiologist (n) means doctor who specialises in heart diseases.

23. 6. Gastritis (n) (gas-try-tis) means an inflammation of the stomach
6. Gastritis (n) (gas-try-tis) means an inflammation of the stomach. The suffix -itis means inflammation. 7. Gastroscopy (n) (gas-tros-ko-pi) means a visual examination of the stomach. gastroscopic (adj)

24. 8. Nephrosis (n) (ni-froh-sis) means any disease of the kidney
8. Nephrosis (n) (ni-froh-sis) means any disease of the kidney. The suffix –osis means abnormal condition. 9. Neural (adj) (newr-al) means pertaining to the nerve.

25. 10. Neuralgia (n) (newr-al-ja) means severe burning or stabbing pain in a nerve. The suffix -algia means pain. 11. Tracheostomy (n) (tray-ki-ost-omi) means surgical operation to make an opening in the trachea. The suffix –stomy means to create surgically an opening.

26. 12. Gastrectomy (n) (gas-trek-tomi) means surgical removal or excision of the stomach. 13. Gastric (adj) (gas-trik) means pertaining to the stomach. Stomach (n)

27. Prefixes and roots denoting number or size
two
two, double
half
over or more than usual
under or less than usual
equal, same
large
enlargement
bi –
dipl/o
hemi-
hyper-
hypo-
iso-
macro-
megal/o

28. Prefixes and roots denoting number or size
micro-
mono-
multi-
null-
poly-
semi-
tri-
Uni-
small
one
many
none
half/partial
three

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