1. Project #6: Biodiesel from Waste Feedstock Sponsored by The National Science Foundation Grant ID No.: DUE
Anna Greve, Junior, Civil Engineering
Kathe Pocker, Pre-Junior, Biomedical Engineering
College of Engineering and Applied Science; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH
Dr. Mingming Lu, Yang Liu and Qingshi Tu; University of Cincinnati

2. Presentation Outline Background on Biodiesel Methods of Extraction
Advantages and disadvantages
Methods of Extraction
Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) and Waste Coffee Grounds (WCG)
Results
Future Plans
Timeline

3. Background on Biodiesel
What is biodiesel?
Advantages:
Domestically produced
Use in engines
Environmentally friendly
Biodegradable
Disadvantages:
Lack of auto maker approval
Lower fuel economy
Investigating nitrogen oxide
emissions
Possible harmful effects on car engines

4. Waste Cooking Oil Benefits
Background on Biodiesel
Waste Cooking Oil Benefits
Grease traps remove and separate fat, oils and greases in restaurants and food service establishments
Solves the problem of too much grease and oil waste, especially in septic tanks and water treatment facilities

5. Waste Coffee Ground Benefits
Background on Biodiesel
Waste Coffee Ground Benefits
Enriches the feedstock market while lowering the production cost
Lowers purification cost
Replaces coal
Reduces the solid waste
Protects water resources

6. Why biodiesel? Electric cars Corn-based ethanol
Short vehicle ranges and long recharge times
Extremely expensive
Battery uncertainty
Less existing infrastructure
Corn-based ethanol
Causes food prices to increase
Energy used to fertilize, transport, and process the corn releases greenhouse gases

7. Methods of Extraction Two Methods of Extraction:
Waste Cooking Oil (WCO)
Waste Coffee Ground (WCG)

8. WCO Extraction - Titration
Take a small amount of WCO (1mL), and combine with 10 mL methanol and 2 drops of an indicator
Add 0.5 mL or 1.0 mL NaOH drop-wise
When it turns pink…STOP

9. WCO Extraction - Neutralization
From titration, necessary amount of NaOH to be added is determined
At this time, free fatty acid concentration (FFA) can also be determined

10. WCO Extraction - Reaction
Allow NaOH to dissolve in 20 mL of methanol
Combine, heat and stir
Variations in reaction times

11. WCO Extraction - Separation
Allow separation
Remove glycerin
Perform water wash

12. WCO Extraction – Data Gathering
Biodiesel is weighed
This weight is compared to weight of the starting amount of WCO to get a percent recovery

13. WCG Extraction – Neutralization
Weigh out 5 g WCG
Variations in mixtures (5% NaOH, 5% KOH, and 10% KOH)
Combine with 200 mL methanol
Allow to stir and heat for 2 ½ hours

14. WCG Extraction – Collection
Every 30 minutes, check the heat and extract 1.5 mL solution
Put vials in freezer to later evaluate purity

15. WCG Extraction – Methanol Evaporation
Allow methanol to evaporate
Dry off remaining methanol

16. Results – WCO Extraction

17. Results – WCO Extraction

18. Results – WCO Extraction

19. Results – WCG Extraction
For each mixture, 5 extractions were done
Need to send samples to an outside facility for purity assessment

20. Future Research Plans Conduct more time trials for WCO extractions
Assess purity for both WCO and WCG extractions
Experiment with different amounts of NaOH and different neutralizing agents
Dr. Lu’s cooking grease

21. Goals and Objectives
Have gained a better understanding of biodiesel production and use through WCO and WCG extractions
Learned the documentation process behind research projects

22. Acknowledgements Dr. Mingming Lu Yang Liu Qingshi Tu Dr. Urmila Ghia
Kristen Strominger
The University of Cincinnati
The National Science Foundation

23. Timeline X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Objectives
1/28-2/3
2/4-2/10
2/11-2/17
2/18-2/24
2/25-3/3
3/4-3/10
3/11-3/17
3/18-3/24
3/25-3/31
4/1-4/5
Biodiesel Extraction Batch
Literature Review
Coffee Ground & WCO Extraction
Paper
Presentation and Poster X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

24. References
Al-Hamamre, Zayed, Sascha Foerster, Franziska Hartmann, Michael Kroger, and Martin Katlschmitt. "Oil Extracted from Spent Coffee Grounds as a Renewable Source for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Manufacturing." Elsevier (2012): n. pag. Web. 10 Feb <
Agnew, Rachel, Ming Chai, Mingming Lu, and Nancy Dendramis. "Making Biodiesel from Recycled Cooking Oil Generated in Campus Dining Facilities." Sustainability 2.5 (2009): Print. 20 Jan
Meher, L.C., D. Vidya Sagar, and S.N. Naik. “Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification – a review.” Renewable and Sustainably Energy Reviews 10.3 (2006): Web. 29 March <