1. INTRODUCTION TO RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
MODULE 12
ELEVATIONS
INTRODUCTION TO RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE
Technology
Intensive
Concurrent
Enrollment

2. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.1 Introduction
Elevations are the part of a set of drawings that shows the exterior of a building. Typically all four sides of a building are shown on the elevation plans. Each elevation view is an orthographic projection from the floor plan. Elevations are used to show vertical relationships including finish grade, floor lines, ceiling lines, foundation and footing depths, roof pitch, roof heights and chimney heights. Exterior finish materials are also shown on the elevation plan; they include roof coverings, wall coverings, doors and windows.

3. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.2 Outcome
Upon completion of this module you will be able to develop exterior elevations from a floor plan that shows the final appearance of a building including materials, height dimensions, and labeling, by completing the review questions, worksheets/ quizzes, application assignments and comprehensive module assessment.

4. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.3 Objectives and Key Concepts
12.3 Objectives and Key Concepts
Demonstrate proper use of elevation terminology by completing matching quiz with a proficiency of 80%.
Correctly identify roof types, surface materials, and all elements of an elevation plan with a proficiency of 80%
Demonstrate understanding of materials, dimensions, methods, procedures with CAD or BIM software by producing four elevations for the course project house.

5. MODULE 12 Elevations Key Concepts
Key Concepts
What are the purposes of elevation plans?
Why are elevation plans important?
What is needed on an elevation plan?
How many elevations are typically needed? Name them…
What different types of lines are used on elevations?
Roof coverings-What are your favorites?
Wall coverings-What are your favorites?
What type of windows do you like?
Gable vs Hip which do you like?
Who looks at the elevation plans?

6. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.4 Terms to Know
12.4 Terms to Know
As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below.
Graphic Example
Term
Definition
Elevation
Drawing that is created from the floorplan as an orthographic projection showing the exterior features of a building.
Finish Grade Line
The surface of the ground around the house. Used as the reference on Elevation drawings
Bay Window
Any Window space extending outward from the walls of a building. They can be either square or polygonal on the floor plan.
Dormer
Allows for natural light and increases the amount of usable space above the main floor.
Chimney
An upright structure containing a flue that passes smoke and gasses from fireplaces, wood burning stoves etc. to the outside of the house .
Ridge
The top edge of the roof where two slopes meet.
Fascia Board
A horizontal board nailed to the end or rafters or trusses to hide their ends.

7. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.4 Terms to Know
12.4 Terms to Know
As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below.
Graphic Example
Term (Figure 3.3)
Definition
Valley
The internal angle formed by the junction of two sloping sides of a roof.
Sky Light
A window located on the roof.
Pitch
The slope of a roof usually expressed as a ratio.
Hip Roof
 A roof with the ends inclined, as well as the sides
(The fascia board stays horizontal)
Gable Roof
A type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the ridge of the structure.
(Fascia board is angled)

8. Concrete or Ceramic Tile
MODULE 12
Elevations
12.4 Terms to Know (Roof coverings)
As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below.
Graphic Example
Term (Figure 3.3)
Definition
Asphalt Shingles
They are one of the most widely used roofing covers because they are relatively inexpensive and fairly simple to install.
Made from asphalt –saturated felt with mineral granules
Shake Shingles
Wooden roof shingle made from spit logs
Concrete or Ceramic Tile
Roof covering made from fired clay tiles
Metal
Roof covering made from metal pieces or tiles.
Slate
 Roof covering made up of slate tiles. Slate is a rock that has been split into thin layers
Built up
Typically usually flat or slightly sloped roof that is covered with a special material applied in sealed, waterproof layers.

9. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.4 Terms to Know (Wall Coverings)
12.4 Terms to Know (Wall Coverings)
As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below.
Graphic Example
Term (Figure 3.3)
Definition
Brick Veneer
Non load bearing cosmetic wall covering using bricks and mortar.
Stucco
A coating applied to the outside of a structure, most commonly refers to plaster made with Portland cement.
Cultured (synthetic) Stone (Rock)
Cast stone is defined as "a refined architectural concrete building unit manufactured to simulate natural cut stone, used in unit masonry applications". ...
Wainscot
Surfacing on the lower part of a wall that is different from the rest of the wall.
Siding: Vinyl, Wood, Aluminum
 The finish covering on the outside wall, can be made from many different materials and applied in different patterns and directions
Louver Vent
Roof Vent
An opening in a gable or roof designed as to permit ventilation but exclude rain.

10. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.4 Terms to Know (Windows)
As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below.
Graphic Example
Term (Figure 3.3)
Definition
 Fixed (Picture)
 Window that does not move or open
Sliding
A window that opens by sliding horizontally
Double or single hung
A window that opens by sliding vertically
Casement
A window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges Ca
Awning
 A window that is hinged at the bottom and opens inward from the top - the reverse of hopper windows.
Hopper
 A windows that is hinged at the bottom and opens inward from the top - the reverse of awning windows.
Center Pivot
 A windows that is hinged in the middle and opens d from the center
Jalousie
A window which consists of parallel glass, acrylic, or wooden louvers set in a frame. The louvers are locked together onto a track, so that they may be tilted open and shut in unison, to control airflow through the window.

11. What is an Elevation Drawing? What is the purpose of Elevation plans?
MODULE 12
Elevations
12.5 Introduction to Elevations
What is an Elevation Drawing?
What is the purpose of Elevation plans?
What are the required elements of an Elevation?
Who needs them?
How do we draw them?

12. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.1 What is an elevation drawing
What is an elevation drawing
Orthographic projection of each side of the house
What does that mean
Rear Elevation
Floor plan
Left Side Elevation
Right Side Elevation
Front Elevation
Projection lines

13. MODULE 12
Elevations
What is the purpose of an elevation drawing
Show the finished exterior of the building
Show Height dimensions

14. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.3 What are the required elements needed
What are the required elements needed
Show all four sides- Show other views as necessary
Identify specific sides
Printed at a scale of ¼”=1’-0”

15. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.3 Required Elements
Required Elements
Horizontal Lines on an Elevation
Ridge line
Roof Slope symbol
Ceiling Line (Center Line)
Top of Windows
and doors
Floor line (Center line)
Garage foundation and footing
Top of foundation
Finish Grade line
Reference point for most elevations
Basement floor
Bottom of foundation
Bottom of footing
All lines below grade use a hidden line

16. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.3 Required Elements Relay information
Required Elements
Relay information
Precast decorative header over doors and windows
Asphalt Shingles
Tombstone louver
Brick Veneer
(Interpace-
Old english)
Cultured Stone
Any line below grade use a hidden line

17. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.3 Required Elements
Required Elements
Show vertical height dimensions
Vertical height dimensions
Top of foundation minimum 8” above grade line
Frost Depth minimum 3’ below grade line

18. or MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.3 Required Elements Chimneys
Required Elements
Chimneys
2’ above ridge line or
10’ away from any slope

19. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plans Contractor
Who needs Elevation plans
Contractor
Inspector/Plan check
Buyer/Owner
Others???
Sub-Contractors
Truss manufacturer
Engineer

20. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plans Quality control
Who needs Elevation plans
Quality control
Look at first elevation
Now look at second elevation what is missing?
Click on the elevation for a short explanation

21. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plans
Who needs Elevation plans
Changing Elevations
Click for narration
What changes were made
End gables on left to hip on right
Front gables on left
Brick arch
Partial wainscot with stucco on left full brick front on right
Plans have been mirrored

22. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology
Elevation Terminology
What is a Gable roof?
A type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the ridge of the structure.
(Fascia board is angled)

23. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What is a hip roof?
Elevation Terminology
 What is a hip roof?
A roof with the ends inclined, as well as the sides
(The fascia board stays horizontal)

24. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What are dormers?
Elevation Terminology
What are dormers?
Allows natural light and increases the amount of usable space above the main floor.
May be decorative only

25. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What are skylights?
Elevation Terminology
What are skylights?
Window in the roof that allows additional natural light into the house.

26. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Surface Materials (Masonry) Brick Veneer
Surface Materials (Masonry)
Brick Veneer
Stone
Click on the arched window

27. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Surface Materials Stucco
Surface Materials
Stucco
Cultured (synthetic) Stone

28. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Surface Materials Siding Vinyl Aluminum
Surface Materials Siding
Vinyl
Aluminum
Fiber cement
Natural (wood)

29. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Roof Coverings Shake wood shingles
Roof Coverings
Shake wood shingles
Asphalt shingles
Slate
Tile
Metal

30. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Windows
Windows
Can you find each of the windows on the left in the different pictures

31. MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.7 Interactive activity Exterior Exploration
Interactive activity
Exterior Exploration
Using one of the websites below create an exterior design of your choice.
Exterior Portfolio website
James Hardie Exterior Design website

32. An Elevation is an orthographic projection from the floor plan
MODULE 12
Elevations
12.7 Summary
An Elevation is an orthographic projection from the floor plan
An Elevation shows what the outside of the house looks like
An Elevation shows vertical height dimensions usually on the front view
4 Elevations are usually shown on a set of plans
Front, Rear, Right Side, Left Side
Elevations are typically printed at ¼”= 1’-0”
Used to relay information- Heights, Roof and Wall coverings,
Lines below finish grade are drawn using hidden lines
Floor and Ceiling lines drawn using center lines
Finish grade is used as a reference on an elevation