1. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS MONITORING IN TERRESTRIAL PLANT BIOTA AFTER ERIKA OIL SPILL N. Poupart, A. Meudec, F. Poncet, J. Dussauze Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie et de Biotechnologie des Halophytes et des Algues Marines VERTIMAR Symposium of Marine Accidental Oil Spills Vigo, 13th-16th july 2005 Universidade de Vigo, Spain I.U.E.M. Université Brest EA 3877 CEDRE Pôle Analytique des Eaux

2. Erika tanker oil spill and coastal terrestrial vegetation 20,000 tons of heavy fuel 400 km of coastline polluted  All tide levels reached, including supralittoral and terrestrial areas  Soils and halophytic plants covered at different degrees  All habitats: salt marshes, dunes and rocky sites

3. - Photosynthesis - Respiration - Mineral nutrition - Ion homeostasis Direct effects:  Plant harmfuls: Growth decrease and flowering reduction, …, mortality.  Film fuel deposit: first cause of short term effects - Gas-exchange  What’s for new shoots and survival plants?

4. Indirect effects: Indirect effects:  Pollution of plant substratum  Rooting zone of littoral plant in contact with petroleum compounds - PAHs, most studied and toxic organic group Survival halophytic plant Polluted susbtratum PAHs ?  Soil to plant transfer of PAHs ? -Chemical characteristic: hydrophobic

5. Five years monitoring Five years monitoring on terrestrial vegetation EcologyEcotoxicology Phytosociological methodGC-MS assays of PAHs Uptake, Bioaccumulation and Effects of PAHs in halophytic plants ? PAHs Survival halophytic plant Polluted susbtratum

6. Localization of Localization of surveyed and collected sites Kerliguit

7. Le Collet Parracaud Bellevue

8. Glaux maritima Juncus maritimus Armeria maritimaSarcocornia perennis Salicornia fragilis

9. PAHs contamination of halophytic plant?  No significant value of total PAHs in all control sampled plants : 0,5 < ∑ PAHs < 19,2 ng.g -1 d.w.  High contamination of total PAHs in the first year following the oil spill : 714,5 < ∑ PAHs < 6834,2 ng.g -1 d.w. Total PAHs contents of halophytic plants in 2000 :

10. Source of PAHs contamination ? CG-MS Chromatogram of Crithmum collected in a polluted site:  Presence of BeP and Perylene = petrogenic origin 33.00 33.10 33.20 33.30 33.40 33.50 33.60 33.70 33.80 33.90 34.00 34.10 34.20 34.30 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Time--> Abundance Ion 252.00 – criste polluée Perylene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(e)pyrene 33.00 33.10 33.20 33.30 33.40 33.50 33.60 33.70 33.80 33.90 34.00 34.10 34.20 34.30 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Time--> Ion 264.00 Benzo(a)pyrene perdeuterted

11.  Ratio Flu/Pyr < 1  PAHs molecular ratios: similar between plants and with Erika fuel oil  Petrogenic origine of PAHs present in shoot plants Molecular ratios of specific PAHs : Source of PAHs contamination ?  Fuel oil polluted “soil to plant transfer” occurrence

12. How are PAHs profiles in plant biota ?  Different profiles between species  Phe, Pyr and Chr = dominant PAHs Erika fuel oil Pattern molecular distributions in 2000:

13. Distribution of PAHs categories ?  Crithmum & Inula: PAHs 2-3 > PAHs 4 > PAHs 5-6  Other species: Dominant = PAHs 4  Large variations between plant species in PAHs bioaccumulation  Inherent properties of plants, dosage and weathering of pollutant, climatic conditions

14. Monitoring of Total PAHs in plant biota to 2004 ? SpeciesSites 2000200220032004 Crithmum maritimumker6834,2 ± 114,12598,4 ± 58,1570,2 ± 13,7386,2 ± 5,8 Armeria maritimaker5597,7 ± 14,32567,5 ± 65,4549,2 ± 16,8457,4 ± 15,1 Glaux maritimaker5820,2 ± 62,52897,1 ± 54,3619,9 ± 24,2942,3 ± 20,1 Inula crithmoidesker4033,7 ± 37,01579,6 ± 20,949,9 ± 2,3166,0 ± 9,8 Juncus maritimusker1171,6 ± 21,0332,6 ± 15,349,5 ± 3,179,8 ± 4,2 Sarcocornia perennisparr1026,9 ± 31,8532,8 ± 11,9127,6 ± 2,3270,4 ± 27,6 Salicornia spparr987,5 ± 21,8326,1 ± 4,973,1 ± 12,7349,1 ± 26,4 Salicornia spbell467,8 ± 34,5224,0 ± 4,963,2 ± 12,1161,8 ± 28,2 Salicornia spcoll278,6 ± 12,855,9 ± 16,235,2 ± 1,595,1 ± 7,3  Persistence of PAHs in plant biota during several years  Gradual decrease of PAHs content over time

15. Conclusion & Further studies Conclusion & Further studies  How long PAHs compounds will persist in vegetation ?  What is the effect of PAHs on plant in the long term? High inner contaminations of PAHs on the first year : Total PAHs > 1 mg.kg -1 d.w. Persistence of PAHs into plants overtime Uptake, transfert and bioaccumulation of PAHs by plants PAHs contents depend both on species and polluted sites Relative strong hardiness despite significant level of PAHs in plant tissues  Artificial experimental bioassays to characterize PAHs accumulation in plant model ?  Similarity with Prestige oil spill ?

16. Malpica – Playa de Beo - 2003

17. Camariñas: Cabo Vilán to Cabo Trece