1. SESAME - A 3 rd Generation Synchrotron Light Source for the Middle East Developed under the auspices of UNESCO & modelled on CERN, SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science & Applications in the Middle East) is an international research centre in construction in Jordan. It will enable world-class research by scientists from across the Middle East/Mediterranean region (in subjects ranging from biology & medical sciences through materials & environmental science & physics, to archaeology), preventing or reversing the brain drain. It will also build bridges between diverse societies, contributing to a culture of peace through international cooperation in science. The centrepiece of SESAME is a new 2.5 GeV 3rd Generation Electron Storage Ring/Light Source (133.2m circumference, 26nm-rad emittance & 12 places for insertion devices), which will provide very intense light from infra-red to hard X-rays for a wide range of studies, including regional biomedical & environmental issues. The microtron that produces electrons and the booster that then accelerates and injects them into the new storage ring were originally used at the former Berlin Synchrotron BESSY I (a gift from Germany), but have been greatly upgraded and refurbished. SESAME offers excellent opportunities to train local scientists & attract those working abroad to return. The project is governed by a Council which currently meets twice each year & presently has nine Members (Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, Palestinian Authority, and Turkey). Other countries are expected to join. Members have collective responsibility for the project & provide the annual operations budget (~$2.2 million in 2011 and currently expected to rise to $(5.7-8.5) million when operation starts in 2015). Jordan provided the site, building, & infrastructure. A staff of 21 is now installing the greatly refurbished 0.8 GeV BESSY I injector system. The facility will have the capacity to serve 25 or more experiments operating simultaneously. Decommissioned beamlines, which will be upgraded and refurbished to provide the basis for five of the seven Phase 1 SESAME beamlines, have been provided by the Daresbury laboratory in the UK, the Helmholtz Association in Germany (this beamline was in use at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility), the Swiss Light Source, and LURE in France. Beamline components and other equipment have been provided by the University of Liverpool, Elettra in Italy and US labs. The capital funding needed to complete the construction of SESAME is being sought from the Members and from various external sources. Jordan has contributed $3.3 million, in addition to the building and land, and the European Union has contributed $4.8 million. Commitments and offers announced and confirmed by Members in May 2011 look set to provide most of the remaining $35 million that is needed to complete SESAME itself and the three beamlines that will be in operation from day one. A training program in the use of beamlines, and on accelerator technology & scientific applications, has been underway since 2000, funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), the US Department of Energy, & fellowships by synchrotron radiation laboratories around the world. The laboratory is managed by a Director, together with Scientific, Technical and Administrative Directors*. The accelerator group has finalized the design of the facility. In July 2009 the first beam was extracted from the microtron, and early in 2012 the booster is to be commissioned. Construction of the shielding wall and of the tunnels where the accelerators are to be installed has been completed. Four Advisory Committees* advise the Council and work with the staff* on the technical design, beamlines, training and scientific programs. A “soft” inauguration (marking building completion, staff occupancy, & start of installation of the injector) was held on November 3, 2008, with the Director-General of UNESCO, a representative of the King of Jordan, and many dignitaries present. See www.sesame.org.jo www.sesame.org.jo *Directorate: K. Toukan (Director/Jordan), H. Hoorani (Scientific Dir./Pakistan), A. Nadji (Technical Dir./France-Algeria), M.Y. Khalil (Administrative Dir./Egypt) *SESAME Staff: I.Abid, S.Abu-Ghannam, T.Abu-Hanieh, S.Al-Faques, H.Al-Mohamad, A.Al-Zoubi, M.Al-Zoubi, A.Alkurdi, M.Alnajdawi, A.Amro, A.Ateieh, M.Attal, S.Budair, D.Foudeh, A.Ghnaimat, A.Hamad, M.Harfouche, S.Jafar, F.Makahleh, S.Matalgah, O.Nour, I.Radwan, I.Saleh, R. Sarraf, N.Sawai, M.Shehab, H.Tarawneh, Q.Ziaulhaque *Advisory Committee Chairs: Beamlines: Z. Hussain (ALS-US/Pakistan), Scientific: Z. Sayers (Sabanci Univ, Turkey), Technical: A. Wrulich (PSI, Switzerland) Training: J. Rahighi (Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Iran) * UNESCO: M. Nalecz (Secretary to the SESAME Council), C. Formosa-Gauci (UNESCO Division of Basic & Engineering Sciences) The SESAME Building The SESAME building, designed by Rafiq Sarraf & the Engineering Dept of the Al-Balqa’ Applied University in Salt, Jordan, together with engineers from the Karlsruhe Research Center in Germany, & funded by Jordan, was completed in 2008. The ground floor will contain the ring, injector & up to 25 independent beamlines. By offsetting the ring by 5m, some of these beamlines will have lengths up to 37m. The experimental area is 60m x 60m with extensions of 7.5m on each side. 12 laboratories & 3 workshops are in the corners. The 1st floor provides 2100m² space for 20m² offices for staff & users plus the control room. The 2.5 GeV Storage Ring The lattice uses “TME-Optics” for lowest emittance & highest percentage of the circumference for insertion devices. The ring has 8 Super Periods, each with 2x22.5 degree combined function bend magnets. Quadrupoles & sextupoles on each side provide focusing & chromatic correction. 12 straight sections are available for insertion devices with lengths up to 3.9 meters. Science with S E S A M E Several hundred Middle East scientists have participated in ten scientific workshops & eight Users’ Meetings. These events have facilitated the establishment of contacts between potential users of SESAME and provided scientists from the region with opportunities to embark on joint projects. Based on input from many of these meetings, 70 proposals received, & joint meetings of the Scientific & Beamlines Advisory Committees, the following first phase beamlines are planned (the first three being the “day-one” beamlines): Bending, 2.5GeV Wiggler, 2.5T, 120mm Wiggler, 3.5T, 60mm Undulator, 40mm In-Vacuum (6mm gap) Undulator, 25mm FluxBrightness SESAME staff at work on 22 MeV BESSY I Microtron Left to Right: Dincer Ulku, Past Vice President of SESAME Council until June 2011 Chris Llewellyn-Smith, President of SESAME Council (Nov.2008 -) Yasser Khalil, Administrative Director of SESAME Khaled Toukan, Director of SESAME Herwig Schopper, Past President SESAME Council until Nov. 2008 Hafeez Hoorani, Scientific Director of SESAME Amor Nadji, Technical Director of SESAME Albin Wrulich, Chair of SESAME Technical Advisory Committee July 10, 2011 Members of SESAME (August 2011) Observers: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and USA Nobel Laureates visit SESAME site in June,2008. 45 Laureates sign statement endorsing SESAME “as a beacon, demonstrating how shared scientific initiatives can help light the way towards peace”. BeamlineEnergySource 1Protein Crystallography 4 -14 keVBending Magnet 2X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy 3- 30 keVBending Magnet 3Infrared0.01 -1 eVBending magnet 4Powder diffraction 3-25 keVWiggler 5Small and wide angle X-ray scattering 8-12 keVBending magnet 6Extreme ultraviolet10- 200 eVBending magnet 7Soft X-ray ultraviolet50-2000 eVElliptically polarizing undulator Energy (GeV)2.5 Maximum Beam Current (mA)400 Bending Flux Density (T)1.455 Circumference (m)133.2 Emittance (nm.rad)26 Maximum ID Length (m)3.9 Beam Cross Section in the Long Straight Sections (σ x, σ y) (µm) 828 x 21 Available Straight Sections for Insertion Devices 12 Number of Bending Magnets16 Number of Quadrupoles64 Number of Sextupoles64 Storage Ring Parameters Shielding installed in SESAME building SESAME location in Allan, Jordan Joint meeting of SESAME Scientific & Beamlines Advisory Committees. In front center are Zehra Sayers & Zahid Hussain, Chairs of these Committees.