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Friendly Warning Test # 2 follows completion of Chapter 4: Thursday: 5 March 2015 covers Chapters 2, 3 & 4 Review Sheets for 2, 3 & 4 now on Course Website Includes Listening Examples
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CHAPTER 4 “I Got Rhythm” : The Golden Age of Tin Pan Alley Song, 1920s and 1930s
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Chapter 4 (outline) Tin Pan Alley Song Form What Were Tin Pan Alley Songs About? What Makes a Song a “Standard”? Tin Pan Alley and Broadway
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Richard Rodgers (1902-1979) German-Jewish family Columbia U Teams w/ Hart (1919) Garrick Gaieties (1925) Broadway & London Hollywood – 1930-35 Broadway (1935-42) Hart – difficult co-worker (alcoholic & homosexual) Use of internal rhyme, enjambment, etc. Songs for “adults” Rodgers (at the piano) teamed with Lorenz (“Larry”) Hart [1895-1943] in the years 1919-1942
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Rodgers & Hart Songs “Manhattan” (Garrick Gaieties, 1925) - I'll Take Manhattan 1929 song from Rodgers and Hart - YouTube I'll Take Manhattan 1929 song from Rodgers and Hart - YouTube “Blue Moon” (for MGM, 1934) - Blue Moon - original version from the movie Manhattan Melodrama – YouTube - Elvis Presley Blue MoonBlue Moon - original version from the movie Manhattan Melodrama – YouTubeElvis Presley Blue Moon “My Funny Valentine” (Babes in Arms, 1937) - Ella Fitzgerald - My Funny Valentine - High Quality jazz - xxx - YouTubeElla Fitzgerald - My Funny Valentine - High Quality jazz - xxx - YouTube
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Cole Porter (1891-1964) Wealthy Indiana family Yale (English & music minor) Harvard Law School Paris (1917-24) - War & relief work - classical music Broadway, from 1928 - Paris (1928) - 1 st hit - Anything Goes (1934-35) - Kiss Me, Kate (1948-51) Words & Music Sophisticated, Witty & Adult Cover of Time (31 January 1949)
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Cole Porter Songs “Let’s Do It, Let’s Fall In Love,” Paris (1928) - Bing Crosby-"Let's Do It, Let's Fall In Love" - YouTubeBing Crosby-"Let's Do It, Let's Fall In Love" - YouTube “Anything Goes,” Anything Goes (1934) - Anything Goes performance on the 2011 Tony Awards - YouTubeAnything Goes performance on the 2011 Tony Awards - YouTube “You’re The Top,” Anything Goes (1934) - Cole Porter - You're The Top – YouTube (CP sings)Cole Porter - You're The Top – YouTube “Brush Up Your Shakespeare,” Kiss Me Kate (1948) - Kiss Me Kate-Brush Up Your Shakespeare – YouTube - Lyrics: Brush up Your Shakespeare LyricsKiss Me Kate-Brush Up Your Shakespeare – YouTubeBrush up Your Shakespeare Lyrics
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What’s a Standard? Glenn Miller (1940s Big Band) - MY BLUE HEAVEN Glenn Miller Version The Swing ERAMY BLUE HEAVEN Glenn Miller Version The Swing ERA Frank Sinatra (1960s Las Vegas) - ♥ "My Blue Heaven" ♫ Frank Sinatra - YouTube♥ "My Blue Heaven" ♫ Frank Sinatra - YouTube Leon Redbone (recreates 1920s Vaudeville) - My Blue Heaven — Leon Redbone – YouTubeMy Blue Heaven — Leon Redbone – YouTube Fats Domino (1950s R&B) - Fats Domino - My Blue Heaven – YouTubeFats Domino - My Blue Heaven – YouTube The Platters (1950s Doo Wop) - The Platters - My Blue Heaven (1959)The Platters - My Blue Heaven (1959) Crystal Gayle (1980s Country) - Crystal Gayle ~ My Blue HeavenCrystal Gayle ~ My Blue Heaven Smashing Pumpkins (Alt Rock) - Smashing Pumpkins - My Blue HeavenSmashing Pumpkins - My Blue Heaven Norah Jones (Adult Contemporary) - Norah Jones - My Blue Heaven - Virgin SoundsNorah Jones - My Blue Heaven - Virgin Sounds Cha Cha Cha (just plain weird 1950s?) - EDUARDO FERNANDEZ * * MY BLUE HEAVEN CHA CHA CHAEDUARDO FERNANDEZ * * MY BLUE HEAVEN CHA CHA CHA Some covers of “My Blue Heaven”
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Test # 2 Materials end here Anything on the following slides will be included on Test # 3
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Chapter 5 “St Louis Blues” : Race Records and Hillbilly Music, 1920s and 1930s
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Chapter 5 (outline) Race Records Classic Blues Understanding Twelve-Bar Blues The Country Blues - Charley Patton - Blind-Lemon Jefferson… - Robert Johnson Early Country Music: Hillbilly Records Pioneers of Country Music Popular Music and the Great Depression
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Expanding Markets 1921 – 100,000,000 records sold, but…. c. 1922 (& later) – Radio & Networks founded Sales of discs decline (why?) Ignored Markets? Rural South (moving Northward after 1919) Agrarian Whites = “Hillbilly” or “Old Time Music” Blacks (anywhere) = “Race Records” All (previously ignored) folk music traditions
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“Race Records” RCA Victor (c. 1903) - pseudo “Black” artists - “Coon shouters” (white females) Okeh Records (1916) - Otto K.E. Heinemann (German) - records Mamie Smith (1920) - Ralph Peer : “Race Records” Black Swan (1921) - Pace (Af-Am song publisher) - bankrupt by Dec. 1923 Paramount Records (1910s) - Wisconsin Chair Company - pressing plant for Black Swan - buys out Black Swan (1924)
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Exs. of Early “Race” Recordings (1902) – Dinwiddie Colored Quartet - Dinwiddie Colored Quartet, ''Down on the Old Campground'' (1902) - YouTubeDinwiddie Colored Quartet, ''Down on the Old Campground'' (1902) - YouTube (1920) Mamie Smith - Mamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTubeMamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTube (1926) Blind Lemon Jefferson - 'That Black Snake Moan' BLIND LEMON JEFFERSON (1926) Texas Blues Guitar Legend - YouTube'That Black Snake Moan' BLIND LEMON JEFFERSON (1926) Texas Blues Guitar Legend - YouTube (1928) Bessie Smith - Bessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend - YouTubeBessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend - YouTube
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Mamie Smith (1883-1946) Vaudeville performer - singer, dancer, pianist, actress, etc. Performs in all styles - jazz, blues, etc. August 1920 (NYC) - Okeh Records - 1 st Af-Am performer to record “Blues” Exs. - Mamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTube ("Crazy Blues" Lyrics) - Mamie Smith "Harlem Blues" 1935 - YouTubeMamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTube"Crazy Blues" LyricsMamie Smith "Harlem Blues" 1935 - YouTube “Queen of the Blues”
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“Ma Rainey” (Gertrude Pridgett) (1886-1939) Southern Black minstrel and tent shows (T.O.B.A. in 1924) Blues singer from c. 1902 1923 recordings for Paramount EX. Gertrude 'Ma' Rainey - Bad Luck Blues - YouTubeGertrude 'Ma' Rainey - Bad Luck Blues - YouTube Rougher vocal style (also lesser quality of Paramount recordings) “Mother of the Blues” “Songbird of the South”
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Bessie Smith (1894-1937) Street busker (Chattanooga) Performer on T.O.B.A. circuit 1923 – Recordings for Columbia - marketed as “race” records Highest paid Black performer Exs. - Bessie Smith (Down Hearted Blues, 1923) Jazz Legend – YouTube - Bessie Smith - St. Louis Blues (1925) – YouTube (Textbook LG, p. 132-4) - Bessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend – YouTube - Bessie Smith- I need A Little Sugar In My bowlBessie Smith (Down Hearted Blues, 1923) Jazz Legend – YouTubeBessie Smith - St. Louis Blues (1925) – YouTubeBessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend – YouTubeBessie Smith- I need A Little Sugar In My bowl “Empress of the Blues”
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The Blues (basic traits) [p. 134-6] Standard form – 3 phrases of 4 measures A – statement A(‘) – restatement (or intensification) B – completion/conclusion “12-bar Blues” (simple harmonies) IIII IVIVII VIVII “Call and Response” (voice & instruments) Double entendres (“I need a little sugar in my bowl, I need a little hotdog on my roll….”: Bessie Smith)
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