1. 1990s DARPA Programmes WSJ and BN Dapo Durosinmi-Etti Bo Xu Xiaoxiao Zheng

2. Introduction 1 Definition of DARPA, WSJ and BN 2 Technology used in the two test beds. 3 Change from WSJ to BN 4 Comparison between WSJ and BN 5 Prospect of ASR 6 Conclusion

3. 1 Definition of DARPA, WSJ and BN DARPA- Defense Advanced Research Project Agency WSJ- Wall Street Journal BN- Broadcast News

4. Overview ASR- Automatic Speech Recognition In early 1990s-Wall Street Journal Improvement from Resource Management 1995-Broadcast news

5. 2 Technology used in WSJ continuous density HMM with Gaussian mixture for acoustic modelling n-gram statistics estimated on newspaper tests for language modelling bigram and trigram in the graph search strategy cepstrum-based features, context-dependent phone models, phone-duration models and sex-dependent models.

6. 3 Change occurs from WSJ to BN WSJ was built in the early 1990s 1995 the BN test bed was introduced

7. 4 Comparison between WSJ and BN WSJ Financial domain focus Written language domain Simulated dictation Only speech is used One speaking style and accent One speaker at a time Speaking steadily Find and retrieve word BN National news focus Spoken language domain Real-world, found speech Speech, video and text Every speaking style and accent One or multiple speakers at a time Speak continuous More sophisticated and related search

8. FUTURE of ASR Spoken language interface applications include voice calling, retrieving and sending email/voicemail; using the internet to program remote speech recognition and collection.

9. 5 Conclusion WSJ & BN Technology Progress

10. References “ Broadcast News is Good News ” Francis Kubala from http://www.nist.gov/speech/publications/darpa99/pdf/sp110.pdf http://www.nist.gov/speech/publications/darpa99/pdf/sp110.pdf “ Corporate activities in speech recognition and natural language: another ‘ new-science ’ -based technology ” Konstantinos Koumpis from http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~costis/pubs/pdf/ijim99.pdfhttp://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~costis/pubs/pdf/ijim99.pdf

11. Questions?