1. COMMUNIST TAKE POWER IN CHINA

2. Nationalist Theme - “Three Principles of the People”
1. an end to foreign control
2. people’s rights- democracy
3. people’s livelihood- economic security for all Chinese
“The Chinese people…do not have national spirit. Therefore, even though we have 4 million people gathered together in one China, in reality, they are just a heap of sand.” –Sun Yixian

3. Betrayal
1917 China declares war on Germany hoping for an Allied victory in WWI
At end of WWI, German territories given to Japan – not China
1917 Russian Revolution occurs
Russia begins to help China establish itself as a unified country. (looking to establish allies in the area)
A military school is established, and Chiang Kai-Shek emerges as a top military leader

4. Meanwhile….An Unlikely Alliance is created
In a hope for common action the Nationalists (Kuomintang) turn to the Communists.
Both groups had common goals
China freed from foreign control
Strong and United China
1921 Mao Zedong…
Communist Theory emerges with Mao taking a leadership position

5. Death, & a Sharp Right Turn
in ’25, Chiang Kai-Shek becomes the new leader. Of the Nationalist Party
Beliefs
Eliminate warlord control of China
Remove foreign domination of China (Same as Mao)
Middle class background. Allied with bankers and businessmen (feared communism).
Does not inspire support among peasants.

6. 34 warlords eliminated, and finally communists are targeted
The Shanghai Massacre, 1927
As Europe leaves, Chiang consolidates power.
Distrust for Communist begins.
Chiang felt Communists were trying to control China
Chiang Kai-Shek recognized as Chinese leader by Britain and the U.S. (not Soviet Union)
In Jiangxi, Mao's authoritative domination, especially that of the military force, was challenged by the Jiangxi branch of the CPC and military officers. Mao's opponents, among whom the most prominent was Li Wenlin, the founder of the CPC's branch and Red Army in Jiangxi, were against Mao's land policies and proposals to reform the local party branch and army leadership. Mao reacted first by accusing the opponents of opportunism and kulakism and then set off a series of systematic suppressions of them. Later the suppressions were turned into bloody physical elimination. It is reported that horrible forms of torture and killing took place. Jung Chang and Jon Halliday claim that victims were subjected to a red-hot gun-rod being rammed into the anus, and that there were many cases of cutting open the stomach and scooping out the heart.[6] The estimated number of the victims amounted to several thousands and could be as high as 186,000.[7] Through the so-called revolutionary terrorism, or red terrorism, Mao's authority and domination in Jiangxi was secured and reassured. However, this had left unforgettable scars on Mao's mind.
Will cause a 22 year civil war against the communists
34 warlords eliminated, and finally communists are targeted

7. Chiang Kai-Shek
Had promised democracy and political rights to all Chinese
Yet his government became steadily less democratic and more corrupt
Peasants believed that Chiang was doing little to help them, so they begin to support communism and Mao

8. The Nationalists Distracted
Japan had watched the power struggle in China and decided to launch an invasion 1931
This would force a temporary and uneasy truce between Mao and Chiang’s forces to fight against Japan
Japan attacking

9. Japan invades
The Communists defeated the Nationalists in 1949, forcing Chiang's government to retreat to Taiwan, where Chiang ruled over the island.
Chiang ruled the island securely as its President until his death in 1975.

10. U.S. Anti-Communist feelings
Chinese and Soviets sign Treaty of Friendship in 1950
U.S. viewed this as another step in Communist campaign to conquer the world

11. China divided Mainland=People’s Republic of China -Soviet Union aided
Taiwan= Nationalist China
-U.S. aided
PRC= People’s Republic of China
ROC= Republic of China