1. Imperialism
Red-coated British soldiers stand at attention around a royal pavilion during a ceremony in India. Britain’s Queen Victoria took the title Empress on India in 1876.

2. Vocabulary Raw materials Social Darwinism Christianity Empires
Arbitrary borders
Technology
Innovation
Ethnocentric

3. So What is Imperialism?
Imperialism: a policy of conquering and ruling other lands

4. Competition Between Nations
So who do you think was the most powerful nation?
Think Industrial Revolution!

5. Competition
In the mid 1800’s Britain was the most powerful nation in the world
Industrialization was higher than any other country
Produced more goods
British Navy guarded the oceans, why?
British banks and industrialization
The British Navy guarded the oceans so that those goods could be shipped safely to ports around the globe.
British banks loaned the money needed to build factories, mines, and railroads worldwide.

6. Competition
Late 1800s two countries were challenging Britain’s economic leadership.
Germany and the US
Faced with possible decline of power, Britain looked to its colonies for markets and resources

7. Competition Pt. 3
The French and Dutch as well as other industrialized nations needed raw materials (rubber, copper, gold, and cotton) to make manufactured goods
These nations established colonies around the world and relied on raw materials imported from their colonies to make a variety of products

8. Who Colonized What?
Spain and Portugal attempted to build new empires in Africa
Austria-Hungary moved to the Balkans
Russia expanded into Caucasus, Central Asia, and Siberia
Other countries that had no colonies felt the need to acquire them
Belgium, Italy, and Germany all took over lands in Africa

9. Who Colonized What? US and Japan
Interested in overseas expansion
Interested in East Asia
US tied to Latin America
Europeans viewed an empire as a measure of national stature
Social Darwinism: ;;;;; European culture was superior to other cultures and the Europeans had a right to take over

10. Why? Needed Raw Materials Social Darwinism
Bringing the “superior” civilization to conquered areas.
Spread Christianity
Europeans justified expansion into Africa and other areas was bringing their “superior” civilization to their conquering areas. (Social Darwinism
Missionaries were sent to teach about christianity, partially done to STOP the spread of Islam

11. Why would the Europeans think they were “superior?”
Food For Thought
Why would the Europeans think they were “superior?”
Due to the Industrial Revolution, Europeans regarded their new technology as proof they were better. (weaponry, telegraph, railroads)
Reflection of racism.
Europeans believed that they had the right and duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries.
Whats racism? The belief that one race is superior to others

12. Thus, the Race for Colonies
National pride
Thus, the Race for Colonies
To be politically powerful it was thought (in European countries) you had to have a large empire
Grew out of a strong sense of national pride as well as from economic competition

13. Europeans altered the way of life on EVERY continent
Imperialism
Europeans altered the way of life on EVERY continent

14. Bell ringer: Read this selection from Rudyard Kipling’s The White Man's Burden (1899) and answer the following questions:
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.
1. What does he mean by “the White Man’s Burden”?
2. What was the exile of which he spoke?
3. What does the word captives indicate?

15. Imperialism
Racism and Morality
In Imperialism

16. What is racism?
How is it tied to Imperialism?

17. PRIMARY SOURCE
I contend that we [Britons] are the first race in the world, and the more
of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race It is our
duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we
should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory
simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the
most human, most honourable race the world possesses.
(CECIL RHODES, Confession of Faith, 1877)
What attitude about the British
does Rhodes’s statement display?

18. Scramble for Africa
Pre-colonial Africa
Colonial Africa

19. Things to note:
Europeans wanted more resources to fuel their industrial production
Africa was a source for raw materials and market for industrial products

20. Before European Domination
Africans were divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups
Many continued their traditional beliefs
Many converted to Islam and Christianity
Although Europeans were able to conquer some of sub- Saharan Africa, the powerful African armies were able to keep Europeans out for many years
It was hard for Europeans to go into Africa

21. Before African Domination
Explorers, Missionaries, and Humanitarians who opposed European/American slave trade were allowed in

22. Congo Henry Stanley explored the Congo River
King Leopold II of Belgium became interested.. Wanted to obtain Congo
1908 gave the land to Belgium. Now known as the Belgium Congo
Primary motives for Leopold was to abolish slave trade and promote Christianity.
BUT he licensed companies that exploited Africans (10 million Congolese died) so he gave the land to Belgium

23. European Superiority Racism Social Darwinism
“Survival of the Fittest” was applied to human society
Those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were considered
superior to others. According to the theory, non-Europeans were considered to
be on a lower scale of cultural and physical development because they had not
made the scientific and technological progress that Europeans had.

24. PRIMARY SOURCE
I contend that we [Britons] are the first race in the world, and the more
of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race It is our
duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we
should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory
simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the
most human, most honourable race the world possesses.
(CECIL RHODES, Confession of Faith, 1877)
What attitude about the British
does Rhodes’s statement display?

25. What is the Scramble for Africa?
The time period between 1880 and 1914 in which European countries competed to claim more African territory in an attempt to keep other countries from gaining too much power

26. Europe and Africa How did Europeans create great empires?
Expanded territorial claims in Africa
Why did they desire this?
The belief that a large empire was needed in order to be politically powerful.
How were they able to conquer?
Advanced technology (superior weapons, transportation technology [steamboat])
Also technology and innovation brought positive change: Medical care improved
The steamboat helped Europeans explore areas on the interior of the African continent
Were able to treat malaria