1. DOMESTICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF LIVESTOCK Downloaded from national ag ed site. Author unknown. Edited by Jaime Gosnell and Dr. Frank Flanders, Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office, to accompany lesson 01.432-1.1

2. OBJECTIVES  Define livestock  Explain why animals were domesticated  Explain the uses of livestock  Describe the scope of the livestock industry in the United States  Determine modern consumption trends

3. LIVESTOCK DEFINED:  The term livestock is normally defined as animals raised to produce milk, meat, work, and wool.  It includes beef and dairy cattle, swine, sheep, horses, goats, and poultry.  Other animals used in agriculture such as emus, bees, fish bait, mules, etc. are considered alternative animal agriculture and are not covered here.

4. WHAT DOES THE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS MEAN?  To adapt animals for use by humans  Animals taken from nature and raised under the care of humans

5. WHY WERE ANIMALS DOMESICATED?

6. To Provide a Steady Food Supply

7. To Provide Transportation

8. To Perform Work

9. To Provide Raw Materials for Clothing

10. Recreation & Companionship

11. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION HAS FLURISHED BECAUSE OF SELECTIVE BREEDING- -BREEDING THE BEST ANIMALS TO INCREASE DESIREABLE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE OFFSPRING

12. Selective Breeding  - has given rise to livestock judging  Why is livestock judging important?  It helps people identify desirable characteristics  Evaluating a class of animals and placing them in order from best to worst  Give oral reasons to why you placed them in that order  It’s important to use proper terminology when giving reasons

13. WHAT IS THE HISTORY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN THE U.S.?

14. CATTLE  Cattle were on the the first ship to arrive in Jamestown in 1607  There are about 115 million head of cattle in the U.S.  Cattle are divided into beef and dairy breeds  Angus is the most popular beef breed and holstein is the most common dairy breed

15. SWINE  Swine were on the first ship in Jamestown in 1607  Wild hogs are the descendants of escaped domesticated hogs  Today’s trend in the industry is to produce lean hogs as opposed to the fatter hogs that were grown in the early and middle 1900’s

16. SHEEP  Sheep were domesticated about 8,000 years ago  They are raised for meat and wool  There are over 200 breeds of domestic sheep  The management of sheep is more complex than the management of most animals

17. GOATS  Goats were one of the first animals to be domesticated, about 9,000 years ago  They are raised for food and clothing  Goats are excellent scavengers  There are 300 breeds of domestic goats  Production of meat-type goats are a current trend

18. HORSES  In the 1800’s and early 1900’s, horses were used for power and transportation  Today, most horses are owned for recreation and companionship.  There are about 6.6 million horses in the U.S.

19. CHICKENS  Chickens are the most important poultry species.  Chickens fall into 2 categories:  Laying hens for eggs  Broilers for meat  Today, chicken production is a large commercial industry that continues to grow as demand increases around the world

20. HOW HAVE LIVESTOCK CONSUMPTION TRENDS CHANGED?

21. CONSUMPTION TRENDS  The consumption of beef has declined since 1970 from about 79 pounds to about 65 pounds per person per year.  Pork consumption has remained relatively stable at just under 50 pounds per person per year.

22. CONSUMPTION TRENDS  The consumption of lamb and mutton has declined from 1.9 pounds per person to 0.9 pounds per person per year since 1970.

23. Chicken Consumption Trends  Chicken consumption had steadily increased from 27 pounds to about 50 pounds per person per year

24. Diary Consumption Trends  The consumption of all dairy products has slightly increased from 554 pounds in 1970 to 585 pounds per person per year

25. Turkey Consumption Trends  Turkey consumption has increased from 6.71 pounds to 14 pounds per person per year.

26. Consumption Trends  The increase in the consumption of poultry and the decrease in the consumption of beef can be explained by new health concerns such as high cholesterol

27. WHAT IS THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES?

28. MEAT ANIMALS: production and income in the U.S. 2002 - 2011

29. THE BEEF INDUSTRY  Beef accounts for 6% of all supermarket sales  Texas is the leading state in beef cattle production

30. THE DAIRY INDUSTRY  Wisconsin is the leading dairy producing state  Milk is produced in all 50 states

31. THE SWINE INDUSTRY  The U.S. ranks second to China in the number of hogs produced  Iowa is the number one hog producer in the U.S.

32. THE SHEEP INDUSTRY  Colorado is the number one sheep producing state

33. THE GOAT INDUSTRY  Texas is the number one goat producing state

34. THE POULTRY INDUSTRY  Georgia is the number one broiler producing state and Ohio is the number one egg producing state

35. THE HORSE INDUSTRY  There is no accurate count of the number of horses in the United States  It is estimated that over 16 billion dollars is spent in the horse industry every year.  Most horses and mules are owned for pleasure however, they are a major factor in creating jobs in vet services, feeds and feeding, and equine equipment and supplies

36. REMEMBER  Livestock was domesticated for convenience of humans  The term livestock generally refers to horses, cattle, swine, poultry, sheep, and goats  Livestock production is a major economic factor in the U.S. economy  Consumption of poultry has increased in recent years while red meat consumption has declined or remained stable