1. Active Shooter Incidents The community response

2. Campus Incidents 14 incidents: 65 dead, 46 wounded Compiled by The Associated Press Feb. 14, 2008: A former graduate student at Northern Illinois University in Dekalb opens fire in a lecture hall, killing five students and wounding 15 others. He then commits suicide. Feb. 8, 2008: Latina Williams, 23, opens fire during an emergency medical technology class at Louisiana Technical College in Baton Rouge, killing Karsheika Graves and Taneshia Butler. She then kills herself. Dec. 13, 2007: Two Ph.D. students from India are found shot to death in a home invasion at an apartment on the campus of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. Oct. 1, 2007: University of Memphis football player Taylor Bradford, 21, who had been rumored to have won more than $3,000 at a casino, is fatally shot on campus in a botched robbery. Four men are later charged in the slaying, including one student. Sept. 21, 2007: Two students are wounded at a late-night shooting at a campus dining hall at Delaware State University in Dover. Shalita K. Middleton, 17, dies Oct. 23 from her injuries. A student is charged in the shooting. April 16, 2007: Cho Seung-Hui, 23, fatally shoots 32 people in a dorm and a classroom at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, injures at least 25, then kills himself in the deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history. April 2, 2007: A 26-year-old researcher at the University of Washington in Seattle is shot to death in her office by her ex-boyfriend. Jonathan Rowan, 41, then kills himself.

3. Incidents Continued Sept. 2, 2006: Douglas W. Pennington, 49, kills himself and his two sons, Logan P. Pennington, 26, and Benjamin M. Pennington, 24, during a visit to the campus of Shepherd University in Shepherdstown, W.Va. May 9, 2003: A 62-year-old man with two handguns and a bulletproof vest fires hundreds of rounds during a seven-hour shooting spree and standoff at a Case Western Reserve University building in Cleveland. One student is killed and two others are wounded. Biswanath Halder, who authorities say was upset because he believed a student hacked into his Web site, is later sentenced to life in prison. Oct. 28, 2002: Failing student and Gulf War veteran Robert Flores, 40, walks into an instructor's office at the University of Arizona Nursing College in Tucson and fatally shoots her. A few minutes later, armed with five guns, he enters one of his nursing classrooms and kills two more of his instructors before fatally shooting himself. Jan. 16, 2002: Graduate student Peter Odighizuwa, 42, recently dismissed from Virginia's Appalachian School of Law in Grundy, returns to campus and kills the dean, a professor and a student before being tackled by students. The attack also wounds three female students. Odighizuwa is serving six life sentences after pleading guilty. May 17, 2001: Donald Cowan, 55, fatally shoots assistant music professor James Holloway at a dorm at Pacific Lutheran University in Parkland, Wash., then turns the gun on himself. He leaves a 16-page suicide note expressing anger at a colleague of Holloway's whom he dated briefly as a teenager. Aug. 28, 2000: James Easton Kelly, 36, a University of Arkansas graduate student recently dropped from a doctoral program after a decade of study and John Locke, 67, the English professor overseeing his coursework, are shot to death in an apparent murder-suicide by Kelly. June 28, 2000: Medical resident Dr. Jian Chen kills his supervisor and then himself in his supervisor's office at the University of Washington in Seattle. Faculty say Chen, 42, was upset he'd be forced to return to China because of his academic shortcomings.

4. Training Objectives Define the term “active shooter” List measures that can be employed to reduce the effectiveness of an active shooter Describe actions that can be expected from responding law enforcement officers

5. The Active Shooter defined A suspect or assailant whose activity is immediately causing death and serious Injury Threat is not contained and there is immediate risk of death and injury

6. Active Shooter Considered the greatest terrorist threat on campuses Nationally accepted law enforcement response plans You need to be informed of law enforcement’s response plan so you can take protective measures

7. Mentality of Active Shooter Desire is to kill and seriously injure without concern for his safety or threat of capture Normally has intended victims and will search them out Accepts targets of opportunity while searching for or after finding intended victims Will continue to move throughout building/area until stopped by law enforcement, suicide, or other intervention

8. Active Shooter’s Intent is to Kill and Injure This necessitated a change in tactics by law enforcement Losses can be mitigated with community preparedness training and response during actual event

9. History Lessons learned from Columbine and Virginia Tech. Seung-Hui Cho Eric Harris Dylan Klebold

10. Public Schools vs. ONU Unlike the public school system ONU facilities do not feature: Intercoms in classrooms Immediate campus-wide emergency notification system to initiate Campus Lockdown Procedures One centralized administrative office Visitor access points Similar monitoring and control of students and other people on campus

11. ONU Features: Full time trained Security force (unarmed) Multiple means for reporting emergencies and alerting the community to an emergency Solidly constructed facilities Places of refuge Multiple escape routes

12. Your Response Your actions will influence others Stay Calm Assure others that you and the police are working to protect them

13. Your Response Secure the immediate area – whether classroom, bathroom, or office. Lock the door. This may require advanced planning to ensure ability to lock the door – key and type of lock. Most doors in university buildings are solid core, and many walls are block and brick. This may provide some protection Block the door using whatever is available - desks, file cabinets, books, other furniture… If the shooter enters your room and leaves, lock/barricade the door behind him If safe allow others to seek refuge with you

14. Your Response Treat the injured Remember basic first aid For bleeding apply pressure and elevate Be creative in identifying items to use for this purpose - clothing, paper towels, feminine hygiene products, news papers, etc.

15. Your Response Un-securing an area….. The shooter will not stop until his objectives have been met, unless engaged by law enforcement Consider the risk exposure created by opening the door Attempts to rescue people should only be made if that can be done without further endangering the persons inside a secured area The shooter may bang on the door and yell for help to entice you to open the door Remember the safety of the masses versus the safety of a few If there is any doubt to the safety of the individuals inside the room, the area needs to remain secured

16. Your Response Doors, Windows, Openings, and Noise Close blinds Block windows Turn off radios and computer monitors if necessary Silence cell phones Signs can be placed in interior doors, windows, but remember the shooter can see these Place signs in exterior windows to identify the location of injured persons Keep occupants calm and quiet After securing the room. People should be positioned out of sight and behind items that might offer additional protection - walls, desks, file cabinets, etc.

17. Contacting Emergency Personnel Emergency 911 911 may be overwhelmed busy signal multiple rings 419-634-0010 Ada Police 419-673-1268 Hardin County Sheriff

18. What to Report Your specific location Building name Office/classroom number Number of people at your specific location Injuries Number of people injured Types of injuries Dispatcher may provide instructions on how to care for injured until medical assistance can be provided

19. What to Report Assailant(s) Specific location Number of assailant(s) Race and Gender Clothing color and style Physical features – height, weight, facial hair, glasses Type of weapons (rifle/shotgun, handgun) Backpack Do you recognize the shooter? What’s his name? Have you heard explosions separate from gunshots?

20. Unsecured areas If you find yourself in an open area, immediately seek protection Put something between you and the shooter Is escape your best option? Do you know where the shooter is? Is escape immediately available? If in doubt find a safe area and secure it the best way you can

21. Law Enforcement Response Law enforcement will immediately respond to the area It is important for you to convey to others that help is on the way. Remain inside the secure area. Law enforcement’s goal is to locate, contain, and stop the shooter The safest place for you to be is inside a secure room The shooter will not flee when law enforcement enters the building, instead he will have new targets to shoot Remember the shooter’s mindset is not escape. His goal is to kill and injure

22. Law Enforcement Response Injured persons Initial responding officers will not treat the injured or begin evacuation until the threat is neutralized You may need to explain this to others in an attempt to calm them Once the shooter is contained, officers will begin treatment and evacuation Evacuation Safety corridors will be established. This may be time consuming Remain in secure areas until instructed otherwise You may be instructed to keep your hands on your head You may be searched You will be escorted out of the building by law enforcement personnel

23. The Investigation Information will be released to ONU community and media as quickly as possible The entire area will be treated as a crime scene Once you have been evacuated you will not be permitted to retrieve items or access the crime scene After evacuation you will be taken to a holding area for medical care, interviewing, counseling, etc.

24. Summary Active Shooter You should take a leadership role Seek secure area Calm, reassure, and quiet others Report the incident Treat injured Law enforcement response Objective is to neutralize threat Evacuation Follow up medical care, interview, counseling Investigation

25. Closing Statement Historical perspectives of shooters on campuses: Spill-over crime – suspect flees onto campus from incident in the community. Ex. bank robbery or a shooting. Workplace violence Disgruntled employee or estranged husband/boyfriend Middle aged Caucasian man Poor social skills Recent personnel Action Gun collector, hunter Early School Shootings Student Misfit Difficulty coping with losses & failures Bullied or teased Vendetta

26. Closing Statement We can no longer predict the origin of the next threat Assailants in some recent incidents across the country were not students or employees There were no obvious specific targets and the victims were unaware they were targets, until attacked