1. Chapter Fifteen Career and Lifestyle Planning in Vocational Rehabilitation Settings Mark D. Stauffer David Capuzzi Jerry A. Olsheski Career Counseling: Foundations, Perspectives, and Applications edited by David Capuzzi and Mark Stauffer

2. Career Development Issues for People With Disabilities   Lack of participation in the workforce   Chronic unemployment   Functional limitations

3. Career Development Issues for People With Disabilities (cont.) Environmental barriers   Discrimination/stereotyping   Lack of accessible/available transportation   Fear of losing benefits   Lack of education and training and supports to secure, retain, or advance in employment

4. Career Theory and Disabilities Career theory relevancy   Disabilities omission from career research   “Class-biased” research   “Castification”

5. More Appropriate Theoretical Models Hershenson’s Theory Model for work adjustment   Work personality   Work competencies   Appropriate work goals

6. More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.) Hershenson’s (2005) INCOME MODEL   Imagining   iNforming   Choosing   Obtaining   Maintaining   Exiting.

7. More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.) Szymanski and Hershenson’s Ecological model of vocational behavior   Five theoretical construct groupings   Six processes

8. More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.) Ecological Model’s Five Theoretical Construct Groupings 1. 1. Individual 2. 2. Context 3. 3. Mediating 4. 4. Environment 5. 5. Outcome

9. More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.) Ecological Model’s Six Processes 1. 1. Development 2. 2. Decision making 3. 3. Socialization 4. 4. Allocation 5. 5. Chance 6. 6. Labor market forces

10. American’s With Disabilities ACT (ADA) 1990 Title I Access to employment Title IIPublic services Title III Public accommodation Title IV Telecom. provisions Title V Miscellaneous provisions

11. American’s With Disabilities ACT (ADA) 1990 (cont.)   “Qualified individual with a disability”   Reasonable accommodations   Job accommodation process   Undue hardship/direct threat

12. American’s With Disabilities Amendments Act (ADAA) 2008   Shifted the general emphasis from a burden on the individual to prove disability to focusing on the act of discrimination itself   Individual subjected to an action prohibited by the ADA because of an actual or perceived impairment will meet the “regarded as” definition of disability.

13.   Expanded definitions   E.g., major life activities now included bending, reading and communicating

14. Functional Capacity Functional limitations vs. Disability performance Categorization of limitations Brodwin, Parker, and DeLaGarza (2003)

15. 19 Categories of Limitations Brodwin, Parker, and DeLaGarza (2003) difficulty in interpreting informationlimitations of sight and total blindness limitations of hearing and total deafnessfainting, dizziness, and seizures in-coordination; limitation of staminalimitation of head movement reaching, lifting and carryingdifficulty in handling and fingering inability to use the upper extremitiesdifficulty in sitting difficulty in using the lower extremitiespoor balance cognitive limitationemotional limitation limitation due to disfigurementsubstance abuse pain limitation

16. Job Analysis Information Job analysis describes in a systematic manner: What the worker does How the work is done Results of the work Worker characteristics Context of work Organization & environmental factors (U.S. Department of Labor, 1982)

17. Job Analysis Information (cont.) Five “physical demand” categories of Dictionary of Occupational Titles (U.S. Department of Labor, 1991) Sedentary work Light work Medium work Heavy work Very heavy work

18. Vocational Rehabilitation Services Vocational rehabilitation services are defined as continuous and coordinated services that are designed to enable a person with a disability to secure and retain suitable employment. (Wright, 1980)

19. Vocational Rehabilitation Services (cont.)  Public rehabilitation services  Private rehabilitation services  Employer-based rehabilitation services

20. Vocational Rehabilitation Services (cont.)  Work adjustment training  Work evaluation (e.g., work samples, situational approach, on-the-job evaluation)  Supported employment (e.g., job coaching, “place-train-follow-up”)

21. Vocational Rehabilitation Services Job seeking skills training (JSST) Assistive technology/rehabilitation engineering Physical restoration services

22. Legislative Acts Soldier Rehabilitation Act of 1918 Smith-Fess Act of 1920 Social Security Act in 1935 Barden-LaFollette Act of 1943 Rehabilitation Act of 1973

23. References Brodwin, M., Parker, M., & DeLaGarza, D. (2003). Disability and accommodation. In E.M. Szymanski & R.M. Parker (Eds.). Work and disability: Issues and strategies for career development and job placement (2nd ed.).(pp. 201- 246). Austin, TX: Pro-ed. Hershenson, D. (1981). Work adjustment, disability, and the three r’s of vocational rehabilitation: A conceptual model. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 25, 91-97. Hershenson, D. (2005). INCOME: A culturally inclusive and disability-sensitive framework for organizing career development concepts and interventions. The Career Development Quarterly, 54, 150-161. United States Department of Labor (1991). Dictionary of occupational titles (4th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: JIST Works. United States Department of Labor (1982). Handbook for analyzing jobs. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Wright, G. (1980). Total rehabilitation. Boston: Little, Brown & Company.