1. Musical Instruments System for Classification Joy Cecil-Dyrkacz, Faith Donkor, Alexandra Frey, Amanda Glenn- Bradley, Martin Parker, and Ellen Stevens

2. Introduction Musical Instrument Collection ➔ Defined in Oxford Dictionaries as “an object or device for producing musical sounds” ➔ System created to organize and catalog musical instruments from different museums and institutions Oxford Dictionaries (2013). http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/instrume nt

3. Established Cataloging & Classification Systems Hornbostel-Sachs System ➔ Developed in 1914 by Erich Mortiz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs ➔ Similar number classification as Dewey Decimal system ➔ Identifies instruments based on method of vibration resulting in sound transmission: ◆ idiophones - sound produced by vibrating themselves ◆ membranophones - sound produced by a vibrating membrane ◆ chordophones - sound produced by vibrating strings ◆ aerophones - sound produced by columns of air ◆ electrophones - sound produced by electricity (added circa 1970)

4. Established Cataloging & Classification Systems Musical Instrument Museums Online (MIMO) ➔ Largest open-access database for musical instruments (2011) ➔ Main families: wind, stringed, keyboard and percussion ➔ Identification: title, repository, inscription and description ➔ Classification: object type, classification, keyword and Hornbostel- Sachs class ➔ Events: production, date and place ➔ Digital Resources: type such as image and hyperlinks ➔ Original Record: raw metadata

5. Our UNCG Museum Classification System Combination of Hornbostel-Sachs and MIMO ➔ Added components of Getty’s Categories for Description of Works of Art (CDWA) as a framework for mapping new and old art information systems in the online environment.

6. Cataloging & Classifying

7. Fields of Entry ➔ Hornbostel-Sachs Number/Categorical Description ➔ Name/Title of Object ➔ Order ➔ Creator ➔ Date of Creation ➔ Materials ➔ Clef/Pitch/Range ➔ Size ➔ Inscriptions/Descriptions/Notations ➔ Location ➔ Accession Number

8. Notes to Remember ➔ Capitalization/Punctuation ➔ Attention to Detail ➔ Annotation

9. Physical Location ➔ Display ➔ Storage ➔ Care of Materials ➔ Accessibility ➔ Inclusion in Online Catalog

10. Example Worksheet #1 Hornbostel-Sachs Class:423.233.1, Aerophone Name/Title of Object:Trumpet, coiled Origin:German, Celle/Tyskland Creator:Otto Steinkoph (1904-1980) Date of Creation:1960-1965 Materials:Brass Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef, F#3 – D6 Size: 33.6 in (85.34 cm), 7 in bell (17.78 cm) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: N/A Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), Famous Makers Collection Accession Number:2013.10.1

11. Example Worksheet #2 Hornbostel-Sachs Class:111.242.2, Struck Idiophone Name/Title of Object:Musical Glasses Origin:American, Maryland, Baltimore Creator: Francis Hopkinson Smith (1797- 1872) Date of Creation:circa 1830 Materials:Glass, Mahogany case Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef, C4-F5 Size: 36 x 21 x 8 ¼ x 31.6in (91 x 54 x 21 x 79.5cm) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: N/A Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), 19th Century American Music Collection Accession Number:2013.10.2

12. Example Worksheet #3 Hornbostel-Sachs Class:314.122.4.8, Chordophone Name/Title of Object:Piano, Baby Grand, Model S Origin:American, New York, Long Island Creator:Steinway & Sons Date of Creation:2003 Materials: Hard Rock Maple body, Spruce keys, brass pedals Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef and Bass Clef, A0-C8 Size:4.92 x 3.5ft (1.5 x 1.06m) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: N/A Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), Modern American Music Collection Accession Number:2013.10.3

13. Example Worksheet #4 Hornbostel-Sachs Class:423.1, Aerophone Name/Title of Object:Didgeridoo Origin:American Creator:Schalloch Co. Date of Creation:2000-2013 Materials:Bamboo Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef, F#3 – C6 Size:33.4 in (85 cm) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: Aboriginal style design painted on body Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), Cabinet 1, Row 2A Accession Number:2013.10.4

14. Example Worksheet #5 Hornbostel-Sachs Class: 321.322.71, Composite Chordophone Name/Title of Object:Violin Origin:Italian, Cremona Creator:Antonio Stradivari (1644-1737) Date of Creation:1693 Materials:Wood, Spruce/Maple Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef, G3-A7 Size:5.3 x 7.4 in (13.4 x 18.8cm) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: Label inside body reads: Antonius Stradivarius Cremona Faciebat Anno 1693 Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), Famous Makers Collection Accession Number:2013.10.5

15. References Harpring, P. (2013). Categories for the Description of Works Art. Retrieved November 9, 2013 from http://www.getty.edu/research/publications/electronic_publications/cdwa/index.html. Hornbostel, E. M. & Sachs, C. (1961). Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann. The Galpin Society Journal, 14, 3-29. Retrieved November 9, 2013 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/842168 Kartomi, M. J. (1990). On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Musical Instrument Museums Online Consortium. (2011). Revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments by the MIMO Consortium. Retrieved November 9, 2013 from http://www.mimo- international.com/documents/Hornbostel%20Sachs.pdf Music Dictionary (2013). Hornbostel-Sachs. Retrieved November 9, 2013 from http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/texth/Hornbostel-Sachs.html. Oxford Dictionaries (2013). Instrument. Retrieved November 9, 2013 from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/instrument.