2. Modernism 1910 - 1930 Urged on by Ezra Pound’s exhortation to “Make it new!,” poets and writers of this period made every effort to break with the past and establish new forms of literature.

3. Ideas Shaping the Twentieth Century Freud Einstein Marx

4. Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto, 1847 Theory that economic systems determine social structure and even thought Belief that the upper-class exploits the lower-class

5. Sigmund Freud Proposed the existence of a subconscious mind Belief that childhood conflicts and trauma determine adult personality Belief that sexuality motivates most of human behavior

6. Albert Einstein Theory of Relativity Mutability of matter Variability of time These and other ideas ended the Newtonian universe

7. Political and Social Upheaval World War I demonstrated the new realities of the twentieth century Divided reaction: sexual revolution vs. prohibition, Jazz Age vs.Monkey Trial, Civil Rights vs. Sacco and Vanzetti

8. Literary Movements of Modernism Expatriates Lost Generation

9. Literary Movements of Modernism American scene Harlem Renaissance Social criticism Greenwich Village bohemians

10. Literary Movements of Modernism American scene (continued) Midwest Sexual Revolution (The Jazz Age)

11. Expatriates and Imagism Ezra Pound, Poetry: A Magazine of Verse T. S. Eliot The Wasteland, 1922 New forms of poetry James Joyce, Pablo Picasso

12. The Lost Generation Paris in the 1920’s Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, born with the twentieth century, disillusioned by WW I Defiant of American conservatism

13. The Harlem Renaissance African-Americans in New York City writing about the unique experience of their community Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, Jean Toomer, Zora Neale Hurston

14. Social Criticism Sinclair Lewis Babbitt, Elmer Gantry Dorothy Parker and the Algonquin Round Table H.L. Mencken

15. Greenwich Village The bohemian movement in America (uninhibited unconventional lifestyle) Edna St. Vincent Millay, e.e. cummings Connection with Paris expatriates

16. The Emergence of the Midwest Harriet Monroe’s Poetry established in Chicago Carl Sandburg Edgar Lee Masters Hemingway born in Oak Park, Fitzgerald in St. Paul

17. The Jazz Age The sexual revolution: flappers, jazz, Freud, the rumble seat, Margaret Sanger Writers and poets challenged the restrictions against dealing with sexuality in literature

18. The Jazz Age (continued) Publication of Joyce’s Ulysses and Lawrence’s works Fitzgerald’s forward females in The Great Gatsby and short stories, psychoses in Tender is the Night

19. The Jazz Age (continued) Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury (psychological naturalism) Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises

20. The 1920’s, what a decade!

21. Check out the website: www.sns.com/~rbotti/1920.htm