1. Joints Chapter 8

2. What is a joint? Defined as the site where two or more bones meet. Also called an “articulation” Joints allow our skeleton mobility and they hold our skeleton together

3. Classification of Joints Functional classification  Synarthroses  Amphiarthroses  Diarthroses

4. Classification of Joints Structural classification  Fibrous joints  Cartilaginous joints  Synovial joints

5. FIBROUS JOINTS General Characteristics  Bones are joined by fibrous tissue  No joint cavity is present  Most are immovable but some are slightly moveable

6. TYPES OF FIBROUS JOINTS Sutures (synostoses) Syndesmoses Gomphoses

7. FIBROUS JOINTS Sutures Synostoses =fused sutures

8. FIBROUS JOINTS Syndesmoses

9. FIBROUS JOINTS Gomphoses

10. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS General Characteristics  Articulating surfaces are united by cartilage  No joint cavity  Can be synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic

11. TYPES OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS Synchondroses Symphyses

12. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS

13. SYNOVIAL JOINTS General Characteristics  Articular bones are separated by a fluid-filled cavity  Joints of limbs  Diarthrotic

14. SYNOVIAL JOINTS

16. Movements of synovial joints Axis of motion  Nonaxial  Uniaxial  Biaxial  Multiaxial

17. GLIDING MOVEMENTS

18. Angular Movements

21. Special Movements

24. Types of Synovial Joints

30. Specific Joints & Injuries Knee (Stifle)  3 C’s—collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments, cartilages (menisci) Shoulder (Glenohumeral)  Rotator cuff—four tendons encircle & blend with articular capsule

31. Specific Joints & Injuries Hip (Coxal)  Deep socket & strong ligaments, very stable Temporomandibular (TMJ)  Dislocation easy—shallow socket

32. Joint Disorders Sprains Dislocations  Luxation  Subluxation Bursitis  “Housemaid’s Knee”  “Student’s elbow” Tendonitis Arthritis  Osteoarthritis  Rheumatoid arthritis Synovitis