1. Articulations (joints)
Hold bones together
Allow body movements
Structurally are 3 types:
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Functionally are 3 types:
Synarthroses or immovable
Amphiarthroses or slightly movable
Diarthroses or freely movable
Immovable..……Slightly movable….….Freely movable
S……………………..…A…………………………D

2. 1. Fibrous Joints - immovable
No joint cavity
Two major types
Suture joints – very short connective tissue fibers
Syndesmoses – short ligament of dense fibers
Gomphosis – short periodontal ligament

3. 2. Cartilaginous joints – most are slightly movable
No joint cavity
Two main types
Synchondroses
Symphyses

4. 3. Synovial joints – freely movable
Joint cavity containing fluid
Similarities between synovial joints:
1. articular capsule = fibrous
capsule + synovial membrane.
2. articular cartilage covering the bone surface.
3. reinforcing ligaments.
4. May have fibrocartilage pads within capsule.
5. Synovial fluid

5. Synovial Joints May also have:
Menisci- discs or wedges of fibrocartilage pads
Bursae- flattened fibrous sacs lined wih synovial membrane

6. Synovial Joints Are many different types: Plane (gliding) Hinge Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket

7. Types of synovial joints and their
movements
a. Plane – allows sliding
movements in 1 or 2 planes.
b. Hinge – allows movement in 1 plane
c. Pivot – allows rotational movement in 1 axis.

8. d. Condyloid – allows biaxial
movements in 2 planes.
e. Saddle – allows movement in 2 planes (biaxial).
f. Ball and socket – allows multiaxial movement.

9. Find Two example of each

13. The hip joint – a ball and socket joint
Frontal section through right hip joint

14. Right hip joint showing ligaments.
Front (anterior) view Back (posterior) view

15. Largest and most complex joint in the body
Knee joint
Largest and most complex joint in the body
Is unique as it is only partly enclosed by an articular capsule
Midsagittal view
Anterior view

16. Label the following structures on this anterior view of the knee joint
Posterior cruciate
ligament
Fibular collateral
ligament
Medial condyle
Tibial collateral
ligament
Lateral condyle of femur
Anterior cruciate
ligament
Lateral meniscus
Medial meniscus
Tibia
Patella
ligament
Fibula
Patella
Quadriceps tendon

18. The shoulder or glenohumeral joint –
is the most freely moving joint in the body.

19. The temporomandibular joint

20. Activity