1. Animal Organization

2. Levels of biological organization cells tissues organs organ system

3. Tissue Groups of cells that have the same structural characteristics and perform the same functions Four major types of tissue: Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue Nervous tissue

4. Epithelial tissue Epithelial tissue: forming a continuous layer, or sheet over the entire body surface and most of the body’s inner cavities; it forms a covering that protects the animal from infection, injury, and drying out; producing and releasing secretions; absorbing nutrients. Two descriptive terms —shape: squamous, cuboidal, columnar —layer: simple, stratified

5. Simple squamous Epithelium Structure: Thin, Flat, many-sided, a central nucleus Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis Location: Walls of capillaries, lining of blood vessels, air sacs of lungs, lining of internal cavities

6. Stratified Squamous Epithelium Structure: Innermost layers are cuboidal or columnar; outermost layers are flattened Function: Protection, repel water Location: Skin, linings of mouth, throat, anal canal, vagina Esophagus

7. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Structure: Cube-shaped Function: Secretion, absorption Location: Surface of ovaries, linings of ducts and glands, lining of kidney tubules

8. Simple Columnar Epithelium Structure: Column like— tall, cylindrical cells, nucleus at base Function: Protection, secretion, absorption Location: Lining of uterus, tubes of digestive tract

9. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium Structure: Looks layered but is not; ciliated Function: Protection, secretion, movement of mucus Location: Linings of respiratory passages Trachea

10. Connective tissue Connective tissue joins different parts of the body together. All types of connective tissue consist of cells surrounded by a matrix that usually contains fibers. Loose fibrous connective tissue Dense fibrous connective tissue Adipose tissue Bone Cartilage Blood

11. Loose fibrous connective tissue Structure: Fibers are widely separated Function: Binds organs together Location: Between the muscles; beneath the skin; beneath most epithelial layers Loose fibrous connective tissue

12. Dense fibrous connective tissue Structure: Fibers are closely packed Function: Binds organs together, binds muscle to bones, binds bone to bone Location: Tendons, ligaments

13. Adipose tissue Structure: Large cell with fat-filled vacuole; nucleus pushed to one side Function: Insulation, fat storage, cushioning, and protection Location: Beneath the skin; around the kidney and heart; in breast Adipose tissue

14. Compact Bone Structure: Concentric circles Function: Support, protection Location: Bones of skeleton Compact bone

15. Hyaline Cartilage Structure: Cells (chondrocytes) in lacunae Function: Support, protection Location: Nose, ends of bones, rings in walls of respiratory passages; between ribs and sternum Hyaline cartilage

16. Blood Structure: Red and white cells floating in plasma Function: RBCs carry oxygen and hemoglobin for respiration; WBCs fight infection Location: Blood vessels

17. Blood

18. Muscle tissue Muscular tissue is composed of cells called muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle

19. Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Muscle tissue

20. TypeStriations Branching Conscious Control (yes/no) (yes/no) (yes/no) SkeletalYesNoYes SmoothNoNoNo CardiacYesYesNo

21. Nervous tissue Nervous tissue is found in brain, spinal cord and nerves. Neurons: transmitting messages Neuroglia: supporting and nourishing the neurons

22. Nervous tissue dendrite nucleus cell body axon astrocyte Oligodendrocyte Microglia

23. Organ Level of Organizations Organs are structures composed of two or more types of tissue that work together to perform particular functions.

24. Intestinal Wall

25. Skin

26. Prepared slides