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JOINTS IN THE SKELETAL SYSTEM. What is a Joint? The area where two or more bones articulate (move). Joints give structure and flexibility to the skeleton.

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Presentation on theme: "JOINTS IN THE SKELETAL SYSTEM. What is a Joint? The area where two or more bones articulate (move). Joints give structure and flexibility to the skeleton."— Presentation transcript:

1 JOINTS IN THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

2 What is a Joint? The area where two or more bones articulate (move). Joints give structure and flexibility to the skeleton.

3 Classification Functional Classifications: 1) Synarthroses: Immovable joints 2) Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints 3) Diarthroses: Freely Movable

4 Structural Classifications: 1) Fibrous Joints: Bones are connected by dense fibrous tissue – usu. immovable 2) Cartilaginous Joints: Bones are connected by cartilage (vertebral column, pubic bones) - usu. Slightly movable or immovable 3) Synovial Joints: a joint cavity with fluid allowing highly movable joints.

5 Synovial Joints 1)Articular Cartilage covers the ends 2)Fibrous Articular capsule is formed by the synovial membrane 3)Joint cavity has lubricating synovial fluid 4)Reinforcing ligaments usually found.

6 Rotator Cuff Injury

7 Types of Synovial Joints: 1)Plane Joint: Slipping or gliding movement between bones (wrist/ankle) 2) Hinge Joint: Motion on a single plane (elbow) 3) Pivot Joint: Movement of a bone along its longitudinal axis (radius, atlas/axis “no”)

8 Types of Synovial Joints 4) Condyloid Joint: Oval surfaces (concave/convex) on two bones match (metacarpal/phalange joint-knuckle)

9 Types of Synovial Joints 5) Saddle Joint: concave/convex surfaces with greater range of movement (carpo-metacarpal joint of your thumb) 6) Ball and Socket Joint: The head of a bone fits into a cuplike socket (femur/acetabulum)

10 JOINTS GONE BAD Arthritis: (Arth=Joint itis=Inflammation) *Disease that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling of a joint. *1 out of 7 Americans *Can be caused by bacterial infection or genetic *Synovial membranes thicken, less fluid, more bone friction

11 Three types of Arthritis 1)Osteoarthritis (OA): chronic. Cartilage wears out between bones, usu. causes bone spurs 2)Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): chronic. An autoimmune disorder where the body destroys its own tissue

12 3) Gouty Arthritis (Gout): Uric acid accumulates in the blood and is deposited as needle-shaped crystals in the joints. Very painful and can cause joints to fuse. Gout Crystals

13 Osteoporosis Loss in bone mass Leads to thin, brittle bones A decrease in estrogen can cause it Poor diet, smoking, and lack of vitamin D also causes

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