1. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Monocotyledons and Dicotyledon
Plants
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Monocotyledons and Dicotyledon

2. Terminology
In order to be able to identify a plant and put it in the right family, you need to know the terminology to use

3. Gymnosperms
gymnosperm – “naked seed”
no true fruits
no flowers

4. ANGIOSPERMS Angiosperm means “covered seed” Have flowers
Have fruits with seeds
Live everywhere – dominant plants in the world
260,000 species (88% of Plant Kingdom)
Angiosperms are the most successful and advanced plants on earth

5. Monocot vs. dicot Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots
The first leaves first of a young plant develop and are called as cotyledons (seed leaves)
Monocots have one cotyledon (corn, lily, etc).
Dicots have two cotyledons (bean, oak, etc).

6. Comparing monocot vs. dicot plants
FEATURE
MONOCOTS
DICOTS
Cotyledons 1 2
Leaf venation
parallel
broad
Root system
Fibrous
Tap
Number of floral parts
In 3’s
In 4’s or 5’s
Vascular bundle position
Scattered
Arranged in a circle
Woody or herbaceous
Herbaceous
Either

7. Cotyledons

10. Monocot and Dicot Leaves
Monocots – blade like leaf blade – wrap around the stem – no petiole – have main vascular bundles running parallel along length of leaf
Dicots – Have both a leaf blade and a petiole – single midrib (Vascular bundles) with branches

11. Roots from Seeds Dicots form one primary root
Monocots branch to form the fibrous root

12. Roots
Tap Root
Have a main central root and may have some lateral branching

13. Roots
Fibrous
Have many roots of equal size and a lot of lateral branching
Fibrous roots are generally much more diffuse and closer to the surface

14. Flowers Dicots –have sepals and/or petals in multiples of four or five
Monocots – have sepals in multiples of threes

15. Monocot stem
Dicot stem

16. Monocot stem
Dicot stem

17. Stems Herbaceous stems
Lack secondary growth - because plants only live one year/growing season (annuals)

18. Stems Stems remain soft and flexible
Buds lack protective scales (don’t need to survive harsh conditions)

19. Stems
Woody stems
Plants living and growing over multiple seasons have secondary growth (xylem, phloem) increasing diameter of the stems

20. QUIZ
These are a type of plant that reproduce by seeds not contained in a flower
angiosperms
gymnosperms
ferns

21. QUIZ
These are a type of plant that reproduce by seeds not contained in a flower
angiosperms
gymnosperms
ferns

22. QUIZ
The flowering plant group which is the biggest in the plant kingdom is
A. ferns
B. angiosperms
C. gymnosperms

23. QUIZ
The flowering plant group which is the biggest in the plant kingdom is
A. ferns
B. angiosperms
C. gymnosperms

24. QUIZ Angiosperms differ from mosses, ferns and fungi in that they have
A. True leaves, stems and roots
B. Mycelium
C. Fronds

25. QUIZ Angiosperms differ from mosses, ferns and fungi in that they have
A. True leaves, stems and roots
B. Mycelium
C. Fronds

26. QUIZ
Angiosperms are the most advanced plant group.
True False

27. QUIZ
Angiosperms are the most advanced plant group.
True False

28. QUIZ leaf venation
Moncot
Moncot
Dicot

29. QUIZ stem
Dicot
Moncot