1. Bones Review

2. What are the functions of bones?

3. Support – form the framework that supports the body and cradles soft organs Protection – provide a protective case for the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs Movement – provide levers for muscles Mineral storage – reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus Blood cell formation – hematopoiesis occurs within the marrow cavities of bones

4. What is the purpose of bone markings?

5. Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons Joint surfaces Conduits for blood vessels and nerves

6. What are the axial and appendicular skeleton?

7. Axial consists of the skull, vertebral column and the girdles attached to (pectoral and pelvic) them

8. What do the cranium bones provide?

9. protects the brain and is the site of attachment for head and neck muscles

10. What do the facial bones provide?

11. – Supply the framework of the face, the sense organs, and the teeth – Provide openings for the passage of air and food – Anchor the facial muscles of expression

12. What is the purpose of the hyoid bone?

13. Attachment of the tongue

14. Name two parts of the vertebral curvature that is convex.

15. Thoracic and pelvic

16. Name two parts of the vertebral curvature that is concave.

17. Cervical and lumbar

18. Which part of the vertebrae has five fused bones?

19. The sacrum

20. The over curvature of the thoracic vertebrae is called ______.

21. Kyphosis or hunchback

22. The over curvature of the lumbar vertebrae is called _________. Lordosis or swayback

23. The pads between vertebrae that take most of the impact of the body.

24. Intervertebral Discs

25. Make up the vertebral canal through which the spinal cord passes

26. Vertebral foramina

27. The first vertebrae is called the _________.

28. atlas

29. The atlas pivots with the ______.

30. axis

31. The sacrum used to be _______ individual vertebrae.

32. 5

33. The last two pair of ribs that aren’t attached are called ______.

34. Floating ribs

35. What three bones forms the pectoral girdle?

36. Humerus, clavicle and scapula

37. Which bone is considered one of the weakest of the body?

38. clavicle

39. The head of the femur articulates with the __________.

40. acetabulum

41. The anterior articulation of the coxal bones forms the ____.

42. Symphysis pubis

43. Occur between the bones of the skull

44. sutures

45. Examples include the connection between the tibia and fibula, and the radius and ulna

46. Fibrous Structural Joints: Syndesmoses

47. The peg-in-socket fibrous joint between a tooth and its alveolar socket

48. gomphoses

49. Examples Include: – Epiphyseal plates of children – Joint between the costal cartilage of the first rib and the sternum

50. synchondroses

51. Examples include intervertebral joints and the pubic symphysis of the pelvis

52. symphysis

53. Examples – all limb joints, and most joints of the body

54. Synovial joints

55. flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid

56. bursae

57. Examples: elbow and interphalangeal joints

58. Hinge joints

59. Examples are the knuckles

60. Condyloidal joints

61. Give an example of a saddle joint.

62. thumb

63. Give examples of ball and socket joints.

64. The hip and shoulder

65. Give examples of gliding joints

66. The carpals and tarsals

67. Give examples of the pivot joint

68. The atlas and axis The hip

69. What holds muscle to bone?

70. tendons

71. What holds bone to bone?

72. ligaments

73. Tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bones

74. diaphysis

75. Expanded ends of long bones

76. epiphysis

77. double-layered protective membrane of bone

78. periosteum

79. weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of collagen

80. lamella

81. central channel containing blood vessels and nerves

82. Haversian Canals

83. channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the Haversian canal

84. Volkman’s Canals

85. small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

86. lacunae

87. hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

88. canaliculi

89. Give examples of long bones

90. Humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula

91. Give examples of flat bones

92. Cranial, sternum

93. Give examples of irregular bones

94. Vertebrae, pelvic

95. Give examples of short bones

96. Tarsals, carpals

97. What part of the long bone contains the spongy bone?

98. epiphysis

99. What part of the long bone has the compact bone?

100. diaphysis

101. What are the differences between osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

102. Osteoclasts-destroy bone cells Osteoblasts-make bone cells