1. Endocrine Pathology

2. Overview – Pathologies Diabetes Mellitus – Separate Lecture Disorders of the Pituitary Gland Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Disorders of the Adrenals Thermoregulation and Environmental Conditions Metabolic Disorders

3. Introduction – Endocrine System Maintain equilibrium Regulate functions of organ systems, through hormones –Reproductive –Growth & Development –Defense against stressors –Blood Glucose levels –Core body Temp –Water & electrolyte balance –Metabolism

4. Anatomy

6. Glands Hypothalamus- Pituitary Gland- Thyroid- Parathyroid- Adrenal Glands- Pancreas- Ovaries/Testes-

7. Body Function Regulation Body Energy Body Temperature Body Fluid Hormone response to Exercise

8. Common Signs & Symptoms Skin changes Diaphoresis – hyperhydrosis Body or Breath Odor Polydipsia or Polyuria Arthralgia & Myalgia Muscle Atropy & weakness Amenorrhea & Impotence Mental Status changes Paresthesia Edema Polyphagia Orthostatic Hypotension Lethargy/Fatigue Pain Patterns

9. Disorders of the Pituitary Gland Diabetes Insipidus Acromegaly

10. Disorders of the Thyroid Hyperthyroidism Grave’s Disease

11. Disorders of the Thyroid Hypothyroidism

12. Disorders of the Adrenals Addison’s Disease Cushing’s Syndrome

13. Thermoregulation/Environmental Heat Cramps Heat Syncope Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Exertional Hyponatremia Frostbite Hypothermia Altitude Sickness

14. Metabolic Disorders Gout Metabolic Bone Disease –Osteoporosis –Paget Disease

15. The Tired Athlete Psychological Profile of Athletes – Separate Lecture Endocrine Disorders Infections Anemia –Iron Deficiency Anemia –Dilutional Pseudo-Anemia

16. I’m Still Tired Infections: –1. –2. –3. –4.

17. Still Tired Anemia –Fatigue usually c exertion –Lack of RBC –Most commonly iron-deficiency –Reduction of red cell mass or blood hemoglobin concentration

18. Classification of Anemia 1. Cell Proliferation –A. –B. 2. Maturation 3. Destruction

19. Ineffective Erythropoiesis Iron deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency Folic acid deficiency

20. Anemia Think about elevation S/S: At Risk Population:

21. Laboratory Finding Hct (%) women 36-48 men 40-52 Hb (g/dl) Normal is 12-16 Anemic when < 12 g/dl MCV Normal is 80-100 60-70 = Micro100+ = Macro RBC count women 4.0-5.4 men 4.5-6.0 Anemia = small RBC c low ferritin

22. Iron Deficiency Anemia - Treatment 3-6 mg per kg of body weight of elemental iron Better with vitamin C on an empty stomach Frequent monitoring

23. Iron Deficiency in Patients Other causes: Chronic Blood Loss

24. Sports Anemia Dilutional pseudoanemia Will not respond to tx Normal MCV & ferritin No affect of performance

25. How to Assess Patients HISTORY, HISTORY, HISTORY Cover all organ systems Physical Exam – General Affect Labs