1. Mechanisms to induce autoimmune diseases 1- Sequestration. 2- Crypticity. 3- Molecular Mimicry. 4- Polyclonal activation. 5- Inappropriate expression of MHC by Cytokine disregulation. 6- Failure of suppression. 7- Carrier effect.

2. Immunopathogenesis: Cellular(Th1, Tc, NK) or AutoAb(Th2,B)block or support or Imm.complex 1- AutoAb: (Agonist or Antagonist). -Graves’ disease(thyrotoxicosis): AutoAb TSH-R T3&T4(Agonist). -Myasthenia Gravis: AutoAb Ach.R Muscle weakness(antagonist). Bronchial Asthma : AutoAb  adrenergic R. -[ Insulin ] & [ glucose] in blood : AutoAb Insulin R -Lambert Eaton syndrome : AutoAb Pre-synaptic Ca channels. -Guillain – Barre syndrome ; AutoAb Na channels. -Pernicious anemia : AutoAb IF (secreted from Parietal cell ) Vit. B12

3. Immunological Approach for therapy of Autoimmune diseases : 1- Drugs : -Immunosuppressive. -Anti-inflammatory.