1. 1 Novel Oral Anticoagulants: Benefits and risks Matthew Moles, MD December 4, 2012 University of Colorado

2. 2 Objectives Become familiar with the mechanism of action of dabigatran and rivaroxaban Review the data behind the use of NOACs in Afib and DVT/PE. Evaluate the overall risks across all studies

3. Dabigatran Rivaroxaban

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6. 6 NOACs and Afib

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8. 8 RE-LY N = 18,113, Follow-up median 2 years, CHADS2 median 2.1, open-label Inclusion: Afib on EKG w/in last 6 months, plus at least one: CVA, TIA, LVEF < 40%, NYHA class II or great HF symptoms w/in 6 months and age of at least ≥75 or 65-74 plus DM, HTN, or CAD Exclusion: severe heart-valve disorder, stroke w/in 14 days or severe stroke w/in 6 months, increased risk of bleeding, CrCl < 30, liver dx, prenancy Randomized to 110 or 150 mg of dabigitran BID vs unblinded warfarin (ASA <100 mg or other antiplatelet agents allowed) Primary outcome: stroke or systemic embolization Safety outcome: major hemorrhage (reduction of Hgb by 2 g/dL, 2 units of PRBCs, or symptomatic bleeding in critical area)

9. 9 EventD %/yrW %/yr D vs W RR P valueNNT Stroke/Embolis m 1.111.69 0.66 (0.53- 0.82) <0.001172 Stroke1.011.57 0.64 (0.51- 0.81) <0.001178 Stroke- Hemorrhagic 0.100.38 0.26 (0.14- 0.49) <0.001357 MI0.740.53 1.38 (1.00– 1.91) 0.048476 NNH Death from vascular causes 2.282.69 0.85 (0.72– 0.99) 0.04243 Death any cause 3.644.13 0.88 (0.77– 1.00) 0.051204 Non-inferiority margin 1.46

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11. 11 Bleeding EventNNT/H Life threatening285 T Intracranial227 T GI204 H

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13. 13 ROCKET-AF N = 14,264, Follow-up median 1.6 yrs, CHADS2 median 3, double-blind Inclusion: Non-valvular Afib by EKG w/ hx of stroke, TIA, or embolism or with at least a CHADS2 ≥ 2 Randomized to rivaroxaban 20 mg daily or 15 mg daily depending on CrCl vs warfarin Primary outcome: stroke and embolism Safety end point: major and non-major clinically relevant bleeding

14. 14 Non-inferiority margin 1.46

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16. 16 NOACs and DVT/PE

17. 17 December 6, 2009

18. 18 RE-COVER N = 2564, Follow-up 6 months, double-blind Inclusion: DVT or PE with planned tx for 6 months Exclusion: Symptoms longer than 6 months, PE with HD instability or use of TPA, indication for warfarin, unstable heart disease, high risk of bleeding, transaminases, life expectancy < 6 months, CrCl < 30, pregnancy Randomized to 150 mg dabigatran BID vs warfarin Primary outcome: symptomatic VTE or death 2/2 VTE

19. 19 NIM 2.75

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21. 21 December 2010

22. 22 EINSTEIN-DVT N = 3449, most tx for 6 months, open-label Inclusion: DVT w/o PE Exclusion: CrCl 48 hrs Randomized to rivaroxaban at 15 mg BID for 3 weeks then 20 mg daily for 3, 6, or 12 months vs warfarin Primary outcome: symptomatic recurrent VTE

23. 23 NIM 2.0

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25. 25 NOACs and Overall Risks

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27. 27 Fatal bleeding: 1 fewer death per 1000 pts GI bleeding: 1 increased bleed per 1000 pts

28. 28 Summary Non-inferior for prevention of stroke/embolism in Afib Non-inferior for treatment of DVT/PE NNT for clinical benefit are large Probable reduced hemorrhagic stroke rate Reduced rate of fatal bleeding events Increased incidence of GI bleeds Perhaps increased incidence of MIs with dabigatran Cost of drug/year $3000