1. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Section 2: High Availability Clustering Network Load Balancing Geographical Clustering Remote Recovery and Disaster Recovery Solutions Strategic Authentication and Name Resolution Ultimate Exchange Server 2003: Heighten Security, Consolidation, and Availability

2. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Section Objectives After completing this section, you will be able to: Define high availability in a Microsoft Windows environment Build an Exchange Server 2003 cluster Explain how network load balancing works Formulate a load-balancing solution for Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 Name third-party software for geographical clustering Define a remote recovery solution Describe the best practices regarding authentication and name resolution for Exchange Server 2003 Knowledge Guide 2-2

3. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Availability vs. Reliability Availability: Percentage of availability = (total elapsed time – sum of downtime)/total elapsed time Reliability (MTBF): MTBF = (total elapsed time – sum of downtime)/number of failures 2-3

4. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Availability Percentages 2-3 % Availability Annually 24/7 Shop Standard Business (8 hr Days) 90% 876 hours (36.5 days) 291.2 hours (12.13 days) 99% 87.6 hours (3.65 days) 29.12 hours (1.21 days) 99.999%5.256 minutes1.747 minutes

5. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Provides 100 percent hardware redundancy Rapid failover Rolling updates Scales up to seven active EVSs Clustering Pros and Cons 2-5 Vulnerable to Shared storage failures Network services failures Operational errors Natural or unnatural disasters

6. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Exchange 2003 Cluster Advantages 2-7 Eight-node clusters Kerberos authentication New resource-dependency hierarchy Volume mount points

7. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. New Resource-Dependency Hierarchy 2-8 IMAP4 POP3 HTTP Microsoft search SMTP Exchange 2000 Exchange 2003 System attendant Routing Information store MTA System attendant Information store Routing

8. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Volume Mount Points 2-9 Each storage group in the cluster is assigned a drive letter for storing Exchange data. Each storage group’s logs and SMTP queues are assigned space using mount points to overcome the limitation of drive letters. EVS1 EVS2 EVS3 EVS4 M N O P SG1 logs SG2 logs SG3 logs SG4 logs SMTP queues Q R S T SG1 logs SG2 logs SG3 logs SG4 logs SMTP queues E F G H SG1 logs SG2 logs SG3 logs SG4 logs SMTP queues I J K L SG1 logs SG2 logs SG3 logs SG4 logs SMTP queues

9. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Exchange Clustering Concepts 2-10 Active Passive Four-node cluster Fiber NIC 1 NIC 2 Fiber switch Public switch Private switch SAN Active Directory, DNS, clients EVS1 EVS3 EVS2

10. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Cluster Terminology Shared nothing architecture Resources Groups Exchange Virtual Servers Quorum disk Heartbeat network Active/Active Active/Passive 2-11

11. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Failover 2-13 Node 1 Resources go offline Node 2 Resources go online EVS1

12. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Preferred Owners List 2-14

13. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Disk 8: Quorum Disk 9: MSDTC Disk Configurations 2-15 SAN or DAS Disk 1: SMTP/MTA Disk 2: SG1 and SG2 databases Disk 3: SG1 logs Disk 4: SG2 logs Disk 5: SG3 and SG4 databases Disk 6: SG3 logs Disk 7: SG4 logs Node 1 (active) EVS1 Node 2 (passive) EVS1

14. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Network Load Balancing 2-17 NLB Busy Idle Offline Failed service DNS round robin DNS: GK.com OWA.GK.com NLB cluster members owa.gk.com 172.30.1.100 172.30.1.1 172.30.1.2 172.30.1.3 172.30.1.4 172.30.1.1 172.30.1.2 172.30.1.3 172.30.1.4

15. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Windows Server 2003 NLB 2-19

16. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Hardware NLB 2-20 W2KW2K3 UNIXNovell Hardware NLB Sessions HTTP:80

17. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Anatomy of a Geographical Cluster 2-21 Mirrored Corporate officeRecovery site Node4Node3Node2Node1 VLAN SAN Disk 2Disk 1 Disk 4Disk 3

18. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Disaster-Prone Areas 2-22 Earthquake Medium High Very high Tornado Medium High Hurricane Medium High

19. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Evaluating Cluster Operation and Deployment When evaluating vendors, use the following checklists from Microsoft: “Architecture Basics”checklist “Operational and Deployment Procedures” checklist 2-23

20. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Remote Recovery and Disaster Recovery Solutions http://www.xosoft.com/ http://www.nsisoftware.com/ http://www.lefthandnetworks.com/ http://www.softek.com/ http://www.netapp.com http://www.emc.com/ (GeoSpan) 2-26

21. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. NSI GeoCluster 2-27

22. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. XOsoft WanSync 2-29

23. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-30 WANSync Exchange Master Site M1 WANSync Exchange Replica Site R1 Resource Transfer: Server IP Address (single-network scenario) Server DNS Lookup (multiple-network scenario) Microsoft Exchange Server Automatic/instantaneous routing of users in case of failure Users XOsoft WanSync (cont.)

24. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Strategic Authentication and Name Resolution DNS Domain controllers Global catalog service 2-31

25. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. DNS High Availability 2-31 ADI DNS zone Primary private ADI DNS zone Primary private ADI DNS zone Primary private Standard zone Primary public NLB cluster Internet Standard zone Secondary public NLB cluster External DNS DMZ DNS AD site2 Subnet CSubnet D AD site1 Subnet ASubnet B AD site3 Subnet ESubnet F

26. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Domain Controller High Availability Centralized deployments Decentralized deployments Mixed deployments 2-33

27. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Centralized Domain Controllers 2-34 DC

28. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Decentralized Domain Controllers 2-35 DC

29. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Mixed Domain Controllers 2-36 DC E2K3 200 users

30. © 2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Global Catalog High Availability 2-37 AD site4 DC GC DC GC (2) E2K3 servers AD site1 DC GC AD site3 (8) E2K3 servers AD site2 DC GC (6) E2K3 servers (4) E2K3 servers DC GC DC GC DC GC DC GC