1. AUSTRALIA’S INTERNATIONAL MANPADS INITIATIVE Mr Don Smith Executive Officer Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Canberra

2. MANPADS – An International Threat Australia’s Response Introduction A clear and present danger International efforts to address the threat Implementation of existing Agreements Australia’s response Conclusion / next steps

3. MANPADS – An International Threat Introduction (3) States can legally develop, produce, hold and use MANPADS under international law Around 500,000 missiles, but fewer than 100,000 complete units, have been produced to date.

4. MANPADS – An International Threat Introduction (4) Need to prevent terrorists and other unlawful non-state groups acquiring MANPADS to target civilian aircraft Over 40 mainly military aircraft hit by MANPADS since 1970’s, causing 25 crashes and over 600 deaths worldwide Frequent media reports about MANPADS attacks in conflict zones in Iraq and Afghanistan

5. MANPADS – An International Threat A Clear And Present Danger (5) As hijacking becomes more difficult (post Sept-11), MANPADS attacks become more attractive We know terrorist groups want access to MANPADS The portability and concealment potential of MANPADS makes them a significant threat in the hands of trained operators

6. MANPADS – An International Threat A Clear And Present Danger (6) Strategic MANPADS attacks might kill hundreds of people and have substantial economic and political costs Such attacks would also impact on regional stability

7. MANPADS – An International Threat A Clear And Present Danger (7) Sept 11 attacks cost insurers nearly US$21 billion The 2002 Bali bombings wiped 10% off the Indonesian share index and prompted the finance ministry to seek an extra US$363 million in November 2002

8. MANPADS – An International Threat International Efforts To Address The Threat (1) International frameworks to address the threat from the illicit use of MANPADS already exist Ongoing action at the global, regional and bilateral levels to address the threat

9. MANPADS – An International Threat International Efforts To Address The Threat (2) United Nations Two Australia-sponsored UNGA resolutions in 2004 and 2005 adopted by consensus

10. MANPADS – An International Threat International Efforts To Address The Threat (3) Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies 2002 Elements for Export Controls of Man- Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS) –Revised in December 2003 The Wassenaar Elements are accepted as the benchmark for MANPADS controls

11. MANPADS – An International Threat International Efforts To Address The Threat (4) G8 G8 Leaders’ declaration at Birmingham, 1998 G8 Leaders’ declaration at Kananaskis, 2002 G8 Action Plan on MANPADS, Evian, 2003 G8 Secure and Facilitated International Travel Initiative Action Plan, 2004

12. MANPADS – An International Threat International Efforts To Address The Threat (5) OSCE, OAS, ICAO OSCE Forum for Security Cooperation Decision No. 7/03 on MANPADS, 2003 OAS Recommended Guidelines for Control and Security of MANPADS, 2003 ICAO Resolution A35-11, 2004

13. MANPADS – An International Threat International Efforts To Address The Threat (6) APEC Existing APEC decisions on MANPADS APEC Leaders’ Declaration, Bangkok, 2003 APEC Guidelines on Controls and Security of MANPADS, Santiago Ministerial Meeting, 2004 APEC Joint Ministerial Statement, Busan, 2005

14. MANPADS – An International Threat Implementation of Existing Agreements (1) Main vulnerabilities are in storage and transhipment as illicit production is not currently a significant part of the problem. Many thousands of MANPADS are unaccounted for worldwide.

15. MANPADS – An International Threat Implementation of Existing Agreements (2) Key issue now is to implement existing international commitments –Stockpile management –Effective export/transfer controls, including of associated technology and training

16. MANPADS – An International Threat Australia’s Response (1) – The Announcement On 6 December 2005 Mr Downer announced Australia’s international MANPADS diplomatic initiative –takes a ‘whole-of-government’ approach involving policy and technical agencies

17. MANPADS – An International Threat Australia’s Response (2) – The Objectives Raise profile of the threat with policy makers, industry and security agencies Strengthen controls over transfers, storage and use of MANPADS Identifying areas for technical assistance and capacity building

18. MANPADS – An International Threat Australia’s Response (3) – The loci of action As Wassenaar Plenary Chair this year (2006), Australia will promote the benchmark Wassenaar MANPADS export control and stockpile management standards through targeted outreach to non-member states As APEC Chair in 2007, our focus will be on the Asia-Pacific region

19. MANPADS – An International Threat Conclusion / Next Steps (1) – Australia’s activities Australian-organised international MANPADS seminar New York (2 Nov 2006) Other regional capacity-building activities.

20. MANPADS – An International Threat Conclusions / Next Steps (2) Heighten international profile of the MANPADS threat through –Industry and business engagement –Increased diplomatic efforts to address the threat

21. MANPADS – An International Threat Conclusion / Next Steps (3) Strengthened domestic and international information sharing arrangements Implementation of international agreements and commitments Identification of capacity building opportunities to boost capabilities, including in needs identification and gap analysis

22. MANPADS – An International Threat Conclusion / Next Steps (4) These measures will go some way to restricting MANPADS availability, particularly the more modern and capable weapons. However, older, unaccounted weapons in illicit hands will continue to present a threat and will require vigilance by governments and information-sharing to counter these threats.