1. The Art of Venice

2. Byzantine Influence Byzantine Influence Mosaics in churches Mosaics in churches Love of color, light, and texture Love of color, light, and texture Renaissance Influence Renaissance Influence Concern for reality Concern for reality

3. Among the first to place importance on the landscape to set the stage and the mood Among the first to place importance on the landscape to set the stage and the mood Figures seem inactive: sleeping, dreaming, waiting Figures seem inactive: sleeping, dreaming, waiting

4. The Concert The Concert Two travelers meet along the road: one dressed richly playing a lute, the other dressed simply and barefoot Two travelers meet along the road: one dressed richly playing a lute, the other dressed simply and barefoot Calm and gentle mood created by blurred edges and light mist Calm and gentle mood created by blurred edges and light mist

5. Two nude women represent sound of water churning in a nearby brook & hum of the breeze through tree

6. Expressive brushwork, not depictive (painterly) Expressive brushwork, not depictive (painterly) create forms with patches of color, not hard, precise edges create forms with patches of color, not hard, precise edges Use of glazing over reddish ground to create depth Use of glazing over reddish ground to create depth Figures wide awake, alert, and active. Figures wide awake, alert, and active. Combined Giorgione’s lighting and color with sturdy figures Combined Giorgione’s lighting and color with sturdy figures

7. The Entombment The Entombment Emphasis on figure of the dead Christ Emphasis on figure of the dead Christ Obscured the face of Christ to arouse curiosity Obscured the face of Christ to arouse curiosity Viewer inspired to use imagination to complete the scene Viewer inspired to use imagination to complete the scene

9. Doge Andrea Gritti Doge Andrea Gritti Doge (ruler of Venice) was fierce and alert, even at 80 Doge (ruler of Venice) was fierce and alert, even at 80 Right hand modeled after Michelangelo’s Moses Right hand modeled after Michelangelo’s Moses

10. Portrait of Philip II

11. Mannerism

12. A deliberate revolt by artists against the goals of the Renaissance. A deliberate revolt by artists against the goals of the Renaissance. Cultural Influences brought about tension and disorder Cultural Influences brought about tension and disorder The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther The French invasion of Italy in 1524 & the French defeat of Rome in 1527 The French invasion of Italy in 1524 & the French defeat of Rome in 1527

13. Mannerism = imbalance and restlessness Mannerism = imbalance and restlessness Formal, cold appearance of subjects Formal, cold appearance of subjects Exaggerated proportions, subjectivity, elegance Exaggerated proportions, subjectivity, elegance Sensual, emotional and intellectual appeal Sensual, emotional and intellectual appeal

14. Anti-Classical elements: emotionalism, lack of balance Anti-Classical elements: emotionalism, lack of balance Renaissance composition: central figure Renaissance composition: central figure Mannerist elements: cold color, stark background, nervous line, and exaggerated proportions. Mannerist elements: cold color, stark background, nervous line, and exaggerated proportions.

15. The Madonna with the Long Neck The Madonna with the Long Neck Madonna larger than others even though seated Madonna larger than others even though seated Christ child lifeless (flesh pale & rubbery), unnatural proportions, head seems separated Christ child lifeless (flesh pale & rubbery), unnatural proportions, head seems separated Other figures look everywhere Other figures look everywhere Crowded at front & left; spacious at rear & right Crowded at front & left; spacious at rear & right

16. Disembodied leg belongs to whom? Who is the man in the rear? How far back is he from foreground? Interior or exterior setting?

17. Interpretation : Interpretation : Lifelessness was an accident Lifelessness was an accident Madonna symbolic of the Church Madonna symbolic of the Church Many questions raised, few answers given Many questions raised, few answers given

18. Son of a dyer Son of a dyer “The Little Dyer” combined goals of Mannerism with Venetian love of color “The Little Dyer” combined goals of Mannerism with Venetian love of color Style: quick, short brushstrokes and a dramatic use of light. Style: quick, short brushstrokes and a dramatic use of light.

19. Presentation of the Virgin Presentation of the Virgin Elongated figures with dramatic gestures Elongated figures with dramatic gestures odd perspective odd perspective strange uneven light strange uneven light Focus on Mary because of gestures of other figures Focus on Mary because of gestures of other figures

21. Domeniko Theotocopoulos Domeniko Theotocopoulos Born on Crete; worked in Toledo, Spain Born on Crete; worked in Toledo, Spain Monochromatic, spatially compressed, strongly highlighted forms Monochromatic, spatially compressed, strongly highlighted forms Subjective and mystic composition looks inward Subjective and mystic composition looks inward

22. The Martyrdom of St. Maurice and the Theban Legion The Martyrdom of St. Maurice and the Theban Legion Elongated figures Elongated figures Use of light and dark contrasts to heighten the drama Use of light and dark contrasts to heighten the drama Fate of St. Maurice and his soldiers as refused to worship Roman gods Fate of St. Maurice and his soldiers as refused to worship Roman gods 3 parts of story in one 3 parts of story in one

23. At top: group of angels prepare to receive the heroes Background: Maurice and his officers watch their men being beheaded Foreground: Maurice explains situation to his soldiers

24. The Burial of Count Orgaz

25. The Art of Northern Europe

26. Northern artists faithful to the style of the Late Gothic period Northern artists faithful to the style of the Late Gothic period Those who favored adopting Italian Renaissance ideas as quickly as possible. Those who favored adopting Italian Renaissance ideas as quickly as possible. Italian Renaissance eventually triumphed later in the century Italian Renaissance eventually triumphed later in the century

27. Matthias Grünewald Matthias Grünewald used Renaissance ideas only to make Gothic dreams and visions more vivid and powerful used Renaissance ideas only to make Gothic dreams and visions more vivid and powerful The Small Crucifixion The Small Crucifixion aim to create a visual sermon aim to create a visual sermon Brutal details of Christ’s agony and death Brutal details of Christ’s agony and death

28. Cold, black sky emphasizes people with its contrasting hues and values Attention on Christ…color, design, brushwork, figure placement combine to create expression of pain and sorrow.

29. Albrecht Dürer Albrecht Dürer The Leonardo of the Northern Renaissance The Leonardo of the Northern Renaissance studied perspective and proportions theory studied perspective and proportions theory the first entrepreneur the first entrepreneur used printing press to mass produce his works. used printing press to mass produce his works.

30. Knight, Death, and the Devil Knight, Death, and the Devil Engraving: horse and rider are calm, solid Engraving: horse and rider are calm, solid Symbolism Symbolism Figures of death and devil are reminiscent of Gothic era. Figures of death and devil are reminiscent of Gothic era.

31. Knight rides along road of faith toward Jerusalem (at top of work) devil = Goat- headed figure death = hideous horseman dog = loyalty

32. Hieronymus Bosch (Flemish painter) Hieronymus Bosch (Flemish painter) seen as stories and as symbolic messages seen as stories and as symbolic messages Symbolism Symbolism devil portrayed as a fool or a clown devil portrayed as a fool or a clown

33. Death and the Miser Death and the Miser salvation available if ask forgiveness before you die salvation available if ask forgiveness before you die Angel points to window = crucifix there offers salvation, even in death Angel points to window = crucifix there offers salvation, even in death Devil tempts with bag of money Devil tempts with bag of money

34. The Garden of Earthly Delights The Garden of Earthly Delights Triptych: 3-panels Triptych: 3-panels

35. Panel 1: The Garden of Eden The Garden of Eden

36. Panel 2: The World Before the Flood Sexual connotations; machinery

37. Panel 3: Hell

38. Pieter Bruegel the Elder Pieter Bruegel the Elder Influenced by Hieronymus Bosch Influenced by Hieronymus Bosch The Parable of the Blind The Parable of the Blind seen as a parable (contains a symbolic message): if the blind lead the blind, both fall into ditch seen as a parable (contains a symbolic message): if the blind lead the blind, both fall into ditch concern for detail reminiscent of Jan van Eyck: 5 diseases of the eye are depicted concern for detail reminiscent of Jan van Eyck: 5 diseases of the eye are depicted Expressive faces: confusion to fear Expressive faces: confusion to fear

39. Beggars follow a road to eternal suffering; blindness leads them to stumble past Church ditch = hell Blind man wearing cross = anyone can be tricked, even pious

40. Hans Holbein the Younger Edward VI irony: portrayed as healthy & strong; died at age 16 of tuberculosis