1. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 1 Women in German Academia 1.Career paths of academic staff 2.Participation of women (and men) in German academia – trends and numbers 3.Measures taken and actions to carry out 4.European networking

2. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 2 Standard Career Pattern (Simplified) Chair (W2/W3) „Extraordinary“ professorships Lecturers Private lecturers Academic employees 6 Years Junior-professorship Habilitation or equivalent qualification Financing: - Scientific staff - Research grants and fellowships - Scholarships - Private financing 2 YearsPost-doc research 3 – 4 Years Doctorate 5 – 6 Years First qualification: Diploma, Master, Bachelor- Student assistant - Scholarships - Private financing

3. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 3 Development of male and female student numbers 1913 - 2004

4. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 4 Expansion of Academia and Participation of Women in 1965 – 1998 in Absolute Figures

5. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 5 Women‘s Share Across Different Academic Levels 1992 - 2004

6. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 6 Women‘s Share in New Professorships, 1997-2004

7. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 7 Women Lost Along the Way (2005) “leaky pipeline”

8. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 8 Retrospective Analysis All Subjects

9. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 9 Retrospective Analysis Linguistics and Cultural Studies

10. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 10 (Historical) Barriers Impeding the Integration of Women Into Academia Profound division of labour Historically, very high prestige and exclusiveness of academic profession, especially professorships Very late entry of women into higher education and academic professions Informal selection and co-opting mechanisms A long and risky career ladder Women are more likely to rely on non – regular financial support while working on their doctorates and habilitations Women are more likely to occupy inferior sectors of the academic labour market The traditional hierarchical system of university organisation

11. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 11 Trends in Favour of Women’s Access to Academia A growing female participation in the labour force in general Feminist pressure Affirmative actions and gender mainstreaming A changing academic environment (more female mentors and networks) Stagnating interest of men in university studies and careers in a shrinking public sector Sinking attractiveness of science, decreasing distinctiveness of academic profession

12. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 12 What is to be done Offer better solutions to combine work and family Develop possibilities for double careers PhD Thesis and examinations to be supervised by committees Transparency: Obligation to formalize employment procedures - external experts must be involved Women’s share as a performance indicator for universities Positive discrimination? Minimum quotas for women in academic staff What about the trend towards headhunting? Would headhunting of women be a solution? Last but not least: Make science and working conditions more attractive for women

13. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 13 What is needed on a European Level Facilitate mobility of women: develop guest- and mentoring programs Join existing European networks of women in science Organize European recruiting systems in favour of female scientists

14. Dorothea MEYWomen in the European Higher Education Area Workshop GEW 6. – 7. Dec. 2007 14 And now wish us a good discussion