1. Publishers of original thinking

2. What kinds of academic writing are there? There are many kinds of writing that originates from academia. In my view there are three clear-cut categories: Research papers (in journals or as monographs) Survey papers (in reference books, readers, directories) Tutorial papers (in textbooks)

3. Research papers should  assume an audience with a basic knowledge of the area  avoid the use of jargon wherever possible  be written in a style which is disciplined and precise, and avoid the use of convoluted constructions  emphasise original contributions  give full standard citations.

4. Survey papers should  assume an audience with a basic knowledge of the area  be written in a style which is disciplined and precise, and avoid the use of convoluted constructions  emphasise tools, techniques or products  define the extent of the survey area  give full references for further reading or information.

5. Tutorial papers should  assume an audience that is inexpert in the topic  define the extent of the topics covered  be written in a style which is disciplined and precise, and avoid the use of convoluted constructions  emphasize basic concepts

6. Research publications Aims and objectives (Why) Method (How) Results (What) Interpretation of the results (Where next) Notes and references

7. Aims and objectives To find out... To compare... To test... Context of the problem Why this project Possible hypotheses

8. Method (How)  Can it be replicated?  Anticipate objections  Why experiment/interview/ questionnaire/interview/ whatever  Design Choices (eg. time of observations)  Criteria used (justify choices)  Sample used (size, typical, how obtained)  Procedure (equipment used, how observations made, instructions given etc.)

9. Results  How can you present results clearly?  Diagrams  Tables  What relationships are obscured

10. Interpretation of the results  Reservations and limitations  Relate to literature/ theory  Relate to your problem / hypothesis  Factors influencing  Relationships reported and those missing  Ask yourself questions  Conclusions  General statement in terms of your aim Now write your Abstract and Preface!

11. The potential audience Development of ideas Distribution of ideas Ownership of ideas Size of the audience

12. Questions to ask yourself before submitting to a journal Do the title and the abstract reflect the content of the article adequately? Have you stated the purpose of the article well? Is the significance of this article explained relative to the existing literature? Are there adequate references to other research? Is the article clearly written and well organised? Have typographical and syntactic errors been corrected? Have you explained well WHAT was done? Have you explained well HOW it done? Have you explained well WHY it was done? Have you explained well the implications of the results? Considering its content is the length of the article appropriate?

13. Recommendation from the Editor  Accept with minor changes as a technical article.  Request a major revision for review as a technical article.  Request minor changes for publication as a short feature article.  Ask the author to submit to another publication!  Regard the article as not publishable.

14. Intellect Journals

15. Intellect Books