1. Calculating, Computing, Thinking Calculate (Latin “Calculus”) means “pebble” Compute (Latin “Putare” ) means “to think” What is the (physical) basis of intelligence? The Brain (it “thinks”) The Computer (it “calculates”) The Physical World (it “is”) Symbols point to signifieds

3. The Brain Neuro-physiology Neuro-anatomy Mind The Computer Symbols Algorithms Programs Artificial Mind ?

7. What is Intelligence?

9. Pattern Recognition

15. Hofstadter’s Idea -1- “What if” driving down a country road you meet a swarm of bees Lucky my window wasn’t open Lucky I wasn’t on my bike If I was a deer I would have been killed Pity they weren’t £10 notes Lucky those bees weren’t made of cement

17. New Yorker (Sept 1997) appeared a reprint from the Philidelphia Welcomat : “If Leonardo da Vinci had been born a female, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel might never have been painted” NewYorker commented “”And if Michelangelo had been Siamese twins, the work would have been completed in half the time”.

19. Hofstadter’s Idea -2-