1. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-1 Label Assignment and Distribution Introducing Convergence in Frame-Mode MPLS

2. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-2 Outline Overview What Is the MPLS Steady-State Operation? What Happens in a Link Failure? What Is the Routing Protocol Convergence After a Link Failure? What Is the MPLS Convergence After a Link Failure? What Actions Occur in Link Recovery? Summary

3. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-3 Steady-State Operation Description Occurs after the LSRs have exchanged the labels, and the LIB, LFIB, and FIB data structures are completely populated

4. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-4 Link Failure Actions Routing protocol neighbors and LDP neighbors are lost after a link failure. Entries are removed from various data structures.

5. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-5 Routing Protocol Convergence Routing protocols rebuild the IP routing table and the IP forwarding table.

6. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-6 MPLS Convergence The LFIB and labeling information in the FIB are rebuilt immediately after the routing protocol convergence, based on labels stored in the LIB.

7. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-7 MPLS Convergence After a Link Failure MPLS convergence in frame-mode MPLS does not affect the overall convergence time. MPLS convergence occurs immediately after the routing protocol convergence, based on labels already stored in the LIB.

8. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-8 Link Recovery Actions Routing protocol neighbors are discovered after link recovery.

9. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-9 Link Recovery Actions: IP Routing Convergence IP routing protocols rebuild the IP routing table. The FIB and the LFIB are also rebuilt, but the label information might be lacking.

10. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-10 Link Recovery Actions: MPLS Convergence Routing protocol convergence optimizes the forwarding path after a link recovery. The LIB might not contain the label from the new next hop by the time the IGP convergence is complete. End-to-end MPLS connectivity might be intermittently broken after link recovery. Use MPLS TE for make-before-break recovery.

11. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-11 Summary MPLS is fully functional when the LIB, LFIB, and FIB tables are populated. Overall network convergence is dependent upon the IGP. Upon a link failure, entries are removed from several routing tables. MPLS convergence after link failure in a frame-mode network does not affect overall convergence time. MPLS data structures after link failure may not contain updated data by the time the IGP convergence is complete.

12. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MPLS v2.2—2-12