1. Buddhism in China Madyamica and Yogacara influence Madyamica and Yogacara influence Schemes of intellectualization of Buddhist achievement Schemes of intellectualization of Buddhist achievement Realize something = enlightenment –usually not speakable Realize something = enlightenment –usually not speakable Madyamika positive to Yogacara Negative Madyamika positive to Yogacara Negative Buddha nature (Nirvana) as substantive nothing Buddha nature (Nirvana) as substantive nothing Merge into Major Chinese Schools Merge into Major Chinese Schools 天台 Tiantai and 華嚴 Huayan for theory 天台 Tiantai and 華嚴 Huayan for theory 禪 chan/sim/zen for practice 禪 chan/sim/zen for practice Meditation school without meditation (and lots!) Meditation school without meditation (and lots!)

2. Internal & External Stories Hui Neng symbolizes the simplicity Hui Neng symbolizes the simplicity Activity and enlightenment Activity and enlightenment No “dust” (no illusions) only pure Buddha-nature No “dust” (no illusions) only pure Buddha-nature Paradox of desire final conclusion Paradox of desire final conclusion External story of rebellion External story of rebellion Intellectualized (metaphysical), impractical Intellectualized (metaphysical), impractical Shift of culture to the South Shift of culture to the South Rejects authority (official recognition) Rejects authority (official recognition) Politics and taxes Politics and taxes Daoist painter/poet as author Daoist painter/poet as author

3. Questions Last Quiz Final test in prep—question to Cathy

4. Daoism and Desires Desires caused by distinctions Desires caused by distinctions Like Nietzsche—give up the contrast together Like Nietzsche—give up the contrast together Reject other contrasts (meditation, enlightenment) Reject other contrasts (meditation, enlightenment) Positive about life & skill-transcendence goals Positive about life & skill-transcendence goals Reject distinction of these and the metaphysical other—transcending world Reject distinction of these and the metaphysical other—transcending world Not quite “this is nirvana;” more like do not conclude “there is only the apparent world” Not quite “this is nirvana;” more like do not conclude “there is only the apparent world” Just stop talking that way and get back to savoring your sandwich Just stop talking that way and get back to savoring your sandwich

5. Great Liberation Rush to claim descent from Hui Neng Rush to claim descent from Hui Neng Wide variety but Feng's 5 common doctrines: Wide variety but Feng's 5 common doctrines: No (expressible) highest truth No (expressible) highest truth Spiritual cultivation cannot be cultivated Spiritual cultivation cannot be cultivated In the last resort nothing is gained In the last resort nothing is gained There is nothing much in Buddhist teaching There is nothing much in Buddhist teaching In carrying water and chopping wood lies the wonderful dao In carrying water and chopping wood lies the wonderful dao

6. Iconoclastic Stories Function: like koans? Function: like koans? Burning or spitting on the Buddha Burning or spitting on the Buddha Just wood (everything is Buddha) Just wood (everything is Buddha) No temples, praying, bowing, shaving, begging, ritual, chanting No temples, praying, bowing, shaving, begging, ritual, chanting Chan as Buddhist atheism Chan as Buddhist atheism Survival in persecutions Survival in persecutions

7. Every Moment Zen Umbrella to left or right of clogs? Umbrella to left or right of clogs?

8. Doctor Story Begs release from fear of death Begs release from fear of death A Koan – meaningless A Koan – meaningless Absorbed in care for patients and lost fear of death Absorbed in care for patients and lost fear of death Zen is care for patients Zen is care for patients

9. The Strawberry Values of eating, drinking, sleeping Values of eating, drinking, sleeping Tiger and strawberry Tiger and strawberry

10. Teaching Techniques Teaching Techniques Interview time—anti-metaphysical Interview time—anti-metaphysical Spit, beat, shout, awaken! Spit, beat, shout, awaken! Koan—give up Koan—give up Walking Zen Walking Zen Never tell too plainly Never tell too plainly Envy of Confucians Envy of Confucians

11. Final Jump Modern scientific philosophy Modern scientific philosophy With a social model of language With a social model of language Social cooperation rather than picturing the world Social cooperation rather than picturing the world Closer to Chinese/Nietzsche conception Closer to Chinese/Nietzsche conception Reality in the back door Reality in the back door Science as a dao Science as a dao

12. Evolution and Utility Some ways of talking dominate, others die out Some ways of talking dominate, others die out Science with the Nietzsche twist Science with the Nietzsche twist A social way to survive and thrive A social way to survive and thrive Science: a system of "useful" beliefs Science: a system of "useful" beliefs Natural framework—also anti-Plato and anti-Descartes Natural framework—also anti-Plato and anti-Descartes

13. Belief Analysis Habits of action Habits of action not internal pictures not internal pictures Practical (practice) focus Practical (practice) focus Successful or not: utility and survival Successful or not: utility and survival Different interpretations of “success” Different interpretations of “success” Peirce, Dewey, James Peirce, Dewey, James

14. First Formulation: Peirce Hard time finding a job and publisher Hard time finding a job and publisher Popular mechanics for “The Fixation of Belief" and “How to Make Our Ideas Clear." Popular mechanics for “The Fixation of Belief" and “How to Make Our Ideas Clear." Radical new analysis of belief/doubt Radical new analysis of belief/doubt An "irritation," An "irritation," Belief as a comfortable "habit of action" Belief as a comfortable "habit of action" Not a picture of a fact! Not a picture of a fact!

15. Practical Problem How to achieve that comfort? How to achieve that comfort? Fixed beliefs allow smooth, efficient action Fixed beliefs allow smooth, efficient action Stability and "constancy" Stability and "constancy" Requires less of the "disruption" of doubt Requires less of the "disruption" of doubt Four candidates: tenacity, authority, a priori, science/reality Four candidates: tenacity, authority, a priori, science/reality