1. Cogeneration Facility The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Cogeneration Systems Energy Services Department Phil Barner- Cogeneration Systems Manager Ray DuBose – Director, Energy Services

2. Joshua Walker Gore (1852-1908) and Gore Building at Cogeneration Facility This building bears the name of Joshua W. Gore, a science and engineering professor at Carolina.

4. 1978

5. 2005

7. District Energy System

8. Campus Steam Distribution

9. Cogeneration or CHP ( Combined Heat and Power ) n Simultaneous production of electricity and steam n High thermal efficiency n Low environmental impact

10. U.S. Average Generating Efficiencies 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% UNC Cogen

11. UNC-CH Cogeneration Turbine Generator Boilers Steam Heating Cooling Hot Water Sterilization Cooking/Dishwashing Electricity Coal Water Air 150 psi 40 psi Condenser

12. Generator Dispatch Price Total UNC Load UNC Generated kW Duke Purchased kW

14. Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Clean coal technology Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) -- furnace temperature Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) -- sorbent

15. NSPS 40CFR60, Subpart Db n SO 2 u 90% reduction u 1.2 lbs/MMBtu n NOx u 0.6 lbs/MMBtu n Opacity u 20% n Particulate u 0.5 lbs/MMBtu n SO 2 u 92% reduction u 0.2 lbs/MMBtu n NOx u 0.4 lbs/MMBtu n Opacity u 3% n Particulate u 0.01 lbs/MMBtu Permit Limits Typical Operation

16. New Boiler MACT Permit Permit Limits Typical Operation n Mercury u 0.000 003 lbs/MMBtu n HCl u 435 lb/hr n Mercury u 0.000 000 75 lbs/MMBtu n HCl u 4.4 lbs/hr

17. UNC Cogen CFB System

18. Prologue to the Future: UNC Climate Action Plan and Cogen n Climate Action Plan Published September 2009 n Two Cogen Projects over next 5 years: u Landfill Gas to Energy u Biomass Co-firing at Cogen

19. Cogen and UNC’s Climate Action Plan Near Term Impact

20. PROPOSED LANDFILL GAS PIPE ROUTING

21. PROJECT BENEFITS n Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions n Methane destruction n The emissions reduction attributable to this project are equivalent to: n Removing the emissions of 7,860 automobiles or n Planting 9,750 acres of forest

22. PROJECT BENEFITS n Cost savings from avoided purchased power n Makes beneficial use of otherwise wasted gas n LFG project alone would make Carolina North carbon neutral for 12 to 15 years.

23. Biomass Cofiring in CFBs: Issues n Fuel Supply Chain and Cost n Front End Fuel Handling u Storage u Feed Systems n Impact on Combustion and Heat Transfer Surface n Baghouse Impacts n Ash Disposal Impacts n Amount of Carbon Reduction

24. Biomass Cofiring in CFBs: Plans n Test Protocols – March 2010 n Dried Wood Pellets Tests – Spring 2010 n Torrified Wood Tests – Fall to Winter 2010/2011 n Evaluation and Implementation Plan Development – 2010/2011 n Burn 2012 - ? (Fuel Supply Chain and Extent of Required Mods)