1. The American Nation Section 1: A Republican Takes Office Section 2: The Louisiana Purchase Section 3: New Threats from Overseas Section 4: The Road to War Chapter 10: The Age of Jefferson 1801–1816 Section 5: The War of 1812

2. Chapter 10, Section 3 New Threats From Overseas What were the benefits and risks of overseas trade?

3. Chapter 10, Section 3 Benefits and Risks of Overseas Trade Benefits Yankee traders built up a profitable trade, for example, trade with India, with China, and in the Pacific Northwest Risks One great risk was pirates. Pirates from the Barbary States on the north coast of North Africa attacked vessels in the Mediterranean Sea. To protect American ships, the rulers of those states demanded a yearly tribute, or bribe.

4. Chapter 10, Section 3 Benefits and Risks of Overseas Trade Risks When Jefferson refused to pay, one of the Barbary States, Tripoli, declared war on the United States. Jefferson blockaded the port of Tripoli. American marines launched a surprise attack. The ruler of Tripoli agreed not to interfere with American ships.

5. Chapter 10, Section 3 New Threats From Overseas How did the British and French violate the neutrality of American ships?

6. Chapter 10, Section 3 The British and French Violate the Neutrality of American Ships Britain and France went to war again in 1803. American merchants traded with both sides. Neither side wanted Americans to trade with the other side. The French seized American ships bound for England. The British seized American ships bound for France.

7. Chapter 10, Section 3 The British also stepped up impressment, the practice of forcing people into service. They seized young men from English villages and both English and American-born sailors from American ships. Angry Americans called for war.

8. Chapter 10, Section 3 New Threats From Overseas Why did Jefferson decide to impose an embargo?

9. Chapter 10, Section 3 Jefferson and the Embargo Hoping to hurt France and Britain by cutting off supplies, Jefferson proposed an embargo, or ban on trade. He persuaded Congress to pass the Embargo Act, which hurt Britain and France but hurt Americans even more. Merchants protested against the embargo. Some turned to smuggling, importing or exporting goods in violation of trade laws. Jefferson used troops to enforce the embargo. Jefferson admitted that the Embargo Act had failed.

10. Chapter 10, Section 3 Congress replaced the Embargo Act with the Non- intercourse Act, which said Americans could trade with all nations except Britain and France.

11. Chapter 10, Section 3 Section 3 Assessment In the early 1800s, Britain ignored American claims of neutrality by stopping American ships and a) forcing the Americans to pay tribute. b) seizing French sailors. c) seizing American sailors. d) buying supplies right off the ships. To hurt Britain and France so they would leave American ships alone, Jefferson tried an embargo, which means a) violating trade laws. b) banning trade. c) stocking up on imports. d) protesting loudly against trade laws.

12. Chapter 10, Section 3 Section 3 Assessment In the early 1800s, Britain ignored American claims of neutrality by stopping American ships and a) forcing the Americans to pay tribute. b) seizing French sailors. c) seizing American sailors. d) buying supplies right off the ships. To hurt Britain and France so they would leave American ships alone, Jefferson tried an embargo, which means a) violating trade laws. b) banning trade. c) stocking up on imports. d) protesting loudly against trade laws.