1. www.plos.org UCL: June 18, 2008 “Open access publishing” Mark Patterson, Director of Publishing Committed to making the world’s scientific and medical literature a public resource

2. www.plos.org My background… Research – yeast and human genetics PhD, Manchester Postdocs, Oxford and Stanford, USA Lectureship, Cambridge Publishing – genetics and genomics Editor, Trends in Genetics Biology team, Nature, and Editor, NRG Publisher, Company of Biologists Editor, Public Library of Science

3. www.plos.org Outline Open access – motivations PLoS – the story so far Paying for open access

4. www.plos.org Open access ≠ Free access

5. www.plos.org What is open access? Free, immediate access Deposition in a digital public archive Unrestricted reuse Bethesda definition, 2003

6. www.plos.org Creative Commons Attribution License Copyright: © 2004 Moorthy et al. This is an open- access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Goal: overcome access barriers and encourage creative uses. www.creativecommons.org

7. www.plos.org No permission required for any reuse Translation Redistribution Photocopying Coursepacks Reproduction of figures Deposit in databases Downloading data Text mining

8. www.plos.org What is open access? Free, immediate access online Unrestricted use

9. www.plos.org What is open access? Free, immediate access online Unrestricted use

10. www.plos.org What is open access? Free, immediate access online Unrestricted use

11. www.plos.org What is open access? Free, immediate access online Unrestricted use

12. www.plos.org A network of literature Document

13. www.plos.org A network of literature and data Document Database

14. www.plos.org Text mining

15. www.plos.org Jensen, Saric and Bork Nature Reviews Genetics Feb 2006

16. www.plos.org “So far, more that 90% of all biomedical literature mining has been based on Medline, mainly because it is freely available in a convenient format.” “…future methods should be able to extract information from the full text of papers…” “However, it is restricted access to the full text of papers…that is currently the greatest limitation…” Jensen, Saric and Bork Nature Reviews Genetics Feb 2006 Text mining and open access

17. www.plos.org Open access… …transforms research literature into a public and unified information resource

18. www.plos.org Open access… …transforms research literature into a public and unified information resource

19. www.plos.org Open access…

20. www.plos.org PLoS Founding Board of Directors Harold Varmus PLoS Co-founder and Chairman of the Board President and CEO of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Patrick O. Brown PLoS Co-founder and Board Member Howard Hughes Medical Institute & Stanford University School of Medicine Michael B. Eisen PLoS Co-founder and Board Member Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory & University of California at Berkeley

21. www.plos.org Establish high quality journals –put PLoS and open access on the map Build a more extensive OA publishing operation –an open access home for every paper Make the literature more useful –to scientists and the public Our publishing strategy

22. www.plos.org PLoS Biology October, 2003 Professional/ academic editors Extensive media coverage Impact factors – 14.1, 13.8 PLoS Medicine October, 2004

23. www.plos.org PLoS Biology October, 2003 PLoS Medicine October, 2004 PLoS Community Journals June-September, 2005 4.97.76.0 October, 2007

24. www.plos.org Web2.0 Interaction changes everything

25. www.plos.org PLoS ONE We want to publish your work Inclusive scope –a publication for the whole of science Peer-reviewed –objectively focusing on technical quality Streamlined Production –acceptance to publication in as little as 3 weeks Encouraging discussion and debate –community comment and annotation

26. www.plos.org

30. Current status Broad, high quality publishing portfolio –publishing all science Community support –established and respected journals Technology –realizing the potential of the Internet People

31. www.plos.org Paying for Open Access

32. www.plos.org Paying for Open Access Publishing Subscription fees make sense with print But online, cost of 2 readers = cost of 2000 readers, so why charge all 2000 readers? Recover this cost up front Publisher is a service provider (like a midwife)

33. www.plos.org Researcher Publisher Reader Pay-per-viewSubscription Library Subscription journals Gov Funders Institutions Industry € € €€€

34. www.plos.org Open access journals Publishing is the final step in a research project Researcher Publisher Reader € Public Digital Library Gov Funders Institutions Industry €

35. www.plos.org Transition state economics Open Access Subscription- based

36. www.plos.org Advantages of publication fees Funds for publishing scale with research activity The buyer is the user (of the service)

37. www.plos.org Catalysts for change Publishers New publishers –BioMed Central –Public Library of Science –Hindawi Existing publishers –PNAS, Oxford University Press, Company of Biologists, Springer, Blackwell, Royal Society, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, Cambridge University Press, Elsevier

38. www.plos.org Catalysts for change Funders and Institutions www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/

39. FunderOA policy arc Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants. BBSRC Mandated. Deposition at “earliest opportunity” in “an appropriate e-print repository. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants. BHF Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants. CSO (Scot) Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants CR-UK Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants Dept Health Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. MRC Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via grants. Wellcome Trust Mandated. Max 6 month embargo. Articles must be made available via PMC/UKPMC. Will pay article processing charges (APC) via additional funds. UKPMC Funders Group

40. www.plos.org

43. Sustainability at PLoS PLoS ONE –$1250 –already sustainable and scalable Community journals –$2100 –approaching sustainability PLoS Biology and PLoS Medicine –$2750 –support beyond publication fees

44. Quarterly article submissions to PLoS journals Community Journals Biology Medicine ONE

45. www.plos.org Challenges and opportunities Scalable models for financial support of OA –Funding agency policy –Institutional policy –Migration strategies for subscription journals The tyranny of the impact factor –OA provides opportunities for new metrics Killer applications –We need some

46. The landscape is changing